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AppArmor(应用程序防护)是一个Linux安全模块,可保护操作系统及其应用程序免受安全威胁。要使用它,系统管理员会将AppArmor安全配置文件与每个程序相关联。Docker希望找到加载并执行的AppArmor策略。

Docker会自动生成并加载一个名为容器的默认配置文件docker-default。在Docker版本1.13.0和更高版本中,Docker二进制文件将生成此配置文件tmpfs,然后将其加载到内核中。在早于版本的Docker版本上1.13.0,将生成此配置文件/etc/apparmor.d/docker

注意:此配置文件用于容器,而不是 Docker守护程序。

Docker Engine守护进程的配置文件存在,但目前没有与deb软件包一起安装。如果您对守护进程配置文件的源代码感兴趣,它位于Docker Engine源代码库的contrib/apparmor中。

了解政策

docker-default配置文件是运行容器的默认设置。它具有适度的保护性,同时提供广泛的应用兼容性 该配置文件是从以下模板生成的。

运行容器时,docker-default除非使用该security-opt选项覆盖它,否则它将使用该策略。例如,以下内容明确指定了默认策略:

$ docker run --rm -it --security-opt apparmor=docker-default hello-world

加载和卸载配置文件

将新配置文件加载到AppArmor以用于容器:

$ apparmor_parser -r -W /path/to/your_profile

然后,--security-opt像这样运行自定义配置文件:

$ docker run --rm -it --security-opt apparmor=your_profile hello-world

从AppArmor卸载配置文件:

# stop apparmor
$ /etc/init.d/apparmor stop
# unload the profile
$ apparmor_parser -R /path/to/profile
# start apparmor
$ /etc/init.d/apparmor start

编写配置文件的资源

AppArmor中文件通配的语法与其他一些通配实现有点不同。强烈建议您查看关于AppArmor配置文件语法的以下某些资源。

  • 快速简介语言

  • Globbing Syntax

Nginx示例配置文件

在本例中,您为Nginx创建了一个自定义AppArmor配置文件。以下是自定义配置文件。

#include <tunables/global>profile docker-nginx flags=(attach_disconnected,mediate_deleted) {
  #include <abstractions/base>

  network inet tcp,
  network inet udp,
  network inet icmp,

  deny network raw,

  deny network packet,

  file,
  umount,

  deny /bin/** wl,
  deny /boot/** wl,
  deny /dev/** wl,
  deny /etc/** wl,
  deny /home/** wl,
  deny /lib/** wl,
  deny /lib64/** wl,
  deny /media/** wl,
  deny /mnt/** wl,
  deny /opt/** wl,
  deny /proc/** wl,
  deny /root/** wl,
  deny /sbin/** wl,
  deny /srv/** wl,
  deny /tmp/** wl,
  deny /sys/** wl,
  deny /usr/** wl,

  audit /** w,

  /var/run/nginx.pid w,

  /usr/sbin/nginx ix,

  deny /bin/dash mrwklx,
  deny /bin/sh mrwklx,
  deny /usr/bin/top mrwklx,


  capability chown,
  capability dac_override,
  capability setuid,
  capability setgid,
  capability net_bind_service,

  deny @{PROC}/* w,   # deny write for all files directly in /proc (not in a subdir)
  # deny write to files not in /proc/<number>/** or /proc/sys/**
  deny @{PROC}/{[^1-9],[^1-9][^0-9],[^1-9s][^0-9y][^0-9s],[^1-9][^0-9][^0-9][^0-9]*}/** w,
  deny @{PROC}/sys/[^k]** w,  # deny /proc/sys except /proc/sys/k* (effectively /proc/sys/kernel)
  deny @{PROC}/sys/kernel/{?,??,[^s][^h][^m]**} w,  # deny everything except shm* in /proc/sys/kernel/
  deny @{PROC}/sysrq-trigger rwklx,
  deny @{PROC}/mem rwklx,
  deny @{PROC}/kmem rwklx,
  deny @{PROC}/kcore rwklx,

  deny mount,

  deny /sys/[^f]*/** wklx,
  deny /sys/f[^s]*/** wklx,
  deny /sys/fs/[^c]*/** wklx,
  deny /sys/fs/c[^g]*/** wklx,
  deny /sys/fs/cg[^r]*/** wklx,
  deny /sys/firmware/** rwklx,
  deny /sys/kernel/security/** rwklx,
}
  1. 将自定义配置文件保存到文件中的磁盘/etc/apparmor.d/containers/docker-nginx。本示例中的文件路径不是必需的。在生产中,你可以使用另一个。

2. 加载配置文件。

$ sudo apparmor_parser -r -W /etc/apparmor.d/containers/docker-nginx

  1. 用配置文件运行一个容器。以分离模式运行nginx:$ docker run --security-opt“apparmor = docker-nginx”\ -p 80:80 -d --name apparmor-nginx nginx

2. 执行到正在运行的容器中。

$ docker exec -it apparmor-nginx bash

2. 尝试一些操作来测试配置文件。

root@6da5a2a930b9:~# ping 8.8.8.8 ping: Lacking privilege for raw socket.  root@6da5a2a930b9:/# top bash: /usr/bin/top: Permission denied  root@6da5a2a930b9:~# touch ~/thing touch: cannot touch 'thing': Permission denied  root@6da5a2a930b9:/# sh bash: /bin/sh: Permission denied  root@6da5a2a930b9:/# dash bash: /bin/dash: Permission denied

恭喜!您刚刚部署了一个由定制apparmor配置文件保护的容器!

调试AppArmor

您可以使用dmesg来调试问题并aa-status检查加载的配置文件。

使用dmesg

以下是一些有用的技巧,用于调试您可能面临的有关AppArmor的任何问题。

AppArmor发送非常详细的消息dmesg。通常,AppArmor行如下所示:

[ 5442.864673] audit: type=1400 audit(1453830992.845:37): apparmor="ALLOWED" operation="open" profile="/usr/bin/docker" name="/home/jessie/docker/man/man1/docker-attach.1" pid=10923 comm="docker" requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=1000 ouid=0

在上面的例子中,你可以看到profile=/usr/bin/docker。这意味着用户docker-engine加载了(Docker引擎守护进程)配置文件。

注意:在Ubuntu> 14.04的版本中,这一切都很好,但Trusty用户在尝试时可能遇到一些问题docker exec

看另一条日志行:

[ 3256.689120] type=1400 audit(1405454041.341:73): apparmor="DENIED" operation="ptrace" profile="docker-default" pid=17651 comm="docker" requested_mask="receive" denied_mask="receive"

这次配置文件是docker-default默认情况下在容器上运行的配置文件,除非在privileged模式下运行。该行显示apparmor ptrace在容器中已被拒绝。这完全如预期。

使用aa_status

aa-status.产出如下:

$ sudo aa-status
apparmor module is loaded.14 profiles are loaded.1 profiles are in enforce mode.
   docker-default13 profiles are in complain mode.   /usr/bin/docker   /usr/bin/docker///bin/cat   /usr/bin/docker///bin/ps   /usr/bin/docker///sbin/apparmor_parser   /usr/bin/docker///sbin/auplink   /usr/bin/docker///sbin/blkid   /usr/bin/docker///sbin/iptables   /usr/bin/docker///sbin/mke2fs   /usr/bin/docker///sbin/modprobe   /usr/bin/docker///sbin/tune2fs   /usr/bin/docker///sbin/xtables-multi   /usr/bin/docker///sbin/zfs   /usr/bin/docker///usr/bin/xz38 processes have profiles defined.37 processes are in enforce mode.
   docker-default (6044)   ...
   docker-default (31899)1 processes are in complain mode.   /usr/bin/docker (29756)0 processes are unconfined but have a profile defined.

以上输出显示docker-default在各种容器PID上运行的配置文件处于enforce模式。这意味着AppArmor正在主动阻止和审核配置文件dmesg边界之外的任何内容docker-default

上面的输出还显示/usr/bin/docker(Docker引擎守护进程)配置文件正在complain模式下运行。这意味着AppArmor 只会记录到dmesg配置文件边界之外的活动。(除了在Ubuntu Trusty的情况下,执行一些有趣的行为。)

贡献Docker的AppArmor代码

高级用户和软件包管理员可以在Docker Engine源代码仓库的contrib/apparmor/usr/bin/docker下找到(Docker Engine Daemon)的配置文件。

docker-default文档容器存在于profiles/apparmor。

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