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MySQL5.6 数据库主从(Master/Slave)同步安装与配置详解

WBOY
发布: 2016-06-07 14:50:15
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安装环境 操作系统 :CentOS 6.5 数据库版本:MySQL 5.6 . 27 主机 A : 192.168 . 1.1 (Master)主机B: 192.168 . 1.2 (Slave) 这里强调的数据库的版本,是因为MySQL在5.6之前和之后的安装方式是不一样的。 本人在进行配置的时候,也遇到了这个坑,这里

安装环境

<code class=" hljs autohotkey">操作系统 :CentOS <span class="hljs-number">6.5</span> 
数据库版本:MySQL <span class="hljs-number">5.6</span>.<span class="hljs-number">27</span>
主机<span class="hljs-literal">A</span>:<span class="hljs-number">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number">1.1</span> (Master)
主机B:<span class="hljs-number">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number">1.2</span> (Slave)</code>
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这里强调的数据库的版本,是因为MySQL在5.6之前和之后的安装方式是不一样的。
本人在进行配置的时候,也遇到了这个坑,这里提前说明,希望大家不要采坑。

注:这里有一篇CentOS安装MySQL的文章,在这里引出,过程亲测,希望对大家有帮助:http://blog.csdn.net/xlgen157387/article/details/49964557

基本环境配置

首先,要保证防火墙对3306端口的开启,(开启方式,请参考:[http://blog.csdn.net/xlgen157387/article/details/49964557]),如果只是为了学习数据库的主从配置,可以使用service iptables stop 命令直接关闭防火墙。

然后可以在两台机子之间进行 ping操作,确保两台机器之间能够相同。

Master的配置

在Linux环境下MySQL的配置文件的位置是在 /etc/my.cnf ,在该文件下指定Master的配置如下:

<code class=" hljs lasso"><span class="hljs-keyword">log</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-bin</span><span class="hljs-subst">=</span>mysql<span class="hljs-attribute">-bin</span>
server<span class="hljs-attribute">-id</span><span class="hljs-subst">=</span><span class="hljs-number">2</span>
binlog<span class="hljs-attribute">-ignore</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-db</span><span class="hljs-subst">=</span>information_schema
binlog<span class="hljs-attribute">-ignore</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-db</span><span class="hljs-subst">=</span>cluster
binlog<span class="hljs-attribute">-ignore</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-db</span><span class="hljs-subst">=</span>mysql
binlog<span class="hljs-attribute">-do</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-db</span><span class="hljs-subst">=</span>ufind_db </code>
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这里的server-id用于标识唯一的数据库,这里设置为2,在设置从库的时候就需要设置为其他值。

binlog-ignore-db:表示同步的时候ignore的数据库
binlog-do-db:指定需要同步的数据库

完整配置截图如下:

这里写图片描述

1、然后重启mysql:service mysqld restart

2、进入mysql:[root@VM_221_4_centos ~]# mysql -u root -p 回车,输入mysql密码进入。

3、 赋予从库权限帐号,允许用户在主库上读取日志,赋予192.168.1.2也就是Slave机器有File权限,只赋予Slave机器有File权限还不行,还要给它REPLICATION SLAVE的权限才可以。

在Master数据库命令行中输入:

<code class=" hljs oxygene"> >GRANT FILE <span class="hljs-keyword">ON</span> *.* <span class="hljs-keyword">TO</span> <span class="hljs-string">'root'</span>@<span class="hljs-string">'192.168.1.2'</span> IDENTIFIED <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> <span class="hljs-string">'mysql password'</span>;

 >GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE <span class="hljs-keyword">ON</span> *.* <span class="hljs-keyword">TO</span> <span class="hljs-string">'root'</span>@<span class="hljs-string">'192.168.1.2'</span> IDENTIFIED <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> <span class="hljs-string">'mysql password'</span>;
>FLUSH PRIVILEGES</code>
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这里使用的仍是 root 用户作为同步的时候使用到的用户,可以自己设定。

4、重启mysql,登录mysql,显示主库信息

<code class=" hljs ">mysql> show master status;</code>
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<code class=" hljs asciidoc"><span class="hljs-header">mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+----------------------------------+-------------------+</span>
<span class="hljs-header">| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB                 | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+----------------------------------+-------------------+</span>
<span class="hljs-header">| mysql-bin.000004 |    28125 | ufind_db     | information_schema,cluster,mysql |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+----------------------------------+-------------------+</span>
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> </code>
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这里写图片描述

这里的 File 、Position 是在配置Salve的时候要使用到的,Binlog_Do_DB表示要同步的数据库,Binlog_Ignore_DB 表示Ignore的数据库,这些都是在配置的时候进行指定的。

另外:如果执行这个步骤始终为Empty set(0.00 sec),那说明前面的my.cnf没配置对。

Slave的配置

1、从库的配置,首先也是修改配置文件:/etc/my.cnf 如下:

<code class=" hljs lasso"><span class="hljs-keyword">log</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-bin</span><span class="hljs-subst">=</span>mysql<span class="hljs-attribute">-bin</span>
server<span class="hljs-attribute">-id</span><span class="hljs-subst">=</span><span class="hljs-number">3</span>
binlog<span class="hljs-attribute">-ignore</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-db</span><span class="hljs-subst">=</span>information_schema
binlog<span class="hljs-attribute">-ignore</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-db</span><span class="hljs-subst">=</span>cluster
binlog<span class="hljs-attribute">-ignore</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-db</span><span class="hljs-subst">=</span>mysql
replicate<span class="hljs-attribute">-do</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-db</span><span class="hljs-subst">=</span>ufind_db
replicate<span class="hljs-attribute">-ignore</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-db</span><span class="hljs-subst">=</span>mysql
<span class="hljs-keyword">log</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-slave</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-updates</span>
slave<span class="hljs-attribute">-skip</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-errors</span><span class="hljs-subst">=</span><span class="hljs-literal">all</span>
slave<span class="hljs-attribute">-net</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-timeout</span><span class="hljs-subst">=</span><span class="hljs-number">60</span></code>
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这里写图片描述

2、这里可以看到,在MySQL5.6之后的版本中没有指定:

<code class=" hljs lasso">master<span class="hljs-attribute">-host</span><span class="hljs-subst">=</span><span class="hljs-number">192.168</span><span class="hljs-number">.1</span><span class="hljs-number">.1</span> <span class="hljs-variable">#Master</span>的主机IP
master<span class="hljs-attribute">-user</span><span class="hljs-subst">=</span>root
master<span class="hljs-attribute">-password</span><span class="hljs-subst">=</span>mysql password <span class="hljs-variable">#Master</span>的MySQL密码</code>
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3、这也是在网上很多搜索的配置过程,他们也都指定了数据库的版本,但是并没有说出来新版本的配置这种方式是不适用的。

4、如果,你在MySQL5.6和之后的版本中配置从库的时候,设置到了上边的内容,即指定了master-host、master-user等信息的话,重启MySQL的时候就回报错,错误信息如下:

<code class=" hljs coffeescript">[root<span class="hljs-property">@VM_128_194_centos</span> bin]<span class="hljs-comment"># service mysqld restart</span>
Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL... ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysqldb/VM_128_194_centos.pid).
[root<span class="hljs-property">@VM_128_194_centos</span> bin]<span class="hljs-comment"># </span></code>
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此时,查看数据库的报错信息(数据库的目录, /data/mysqldb/VM_128_194_centos.err ),可以看到:

<code class=" hljs livecodeserver"><span class="hljs-number">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">06</span> <span class="hljs-number">13</span>:<span class="hljs-number">12</span>:<span class="hljs-number">04</span> <span class="hljs-number">13345</span> [Note] InnoDB: Waiting <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> purge <span class="hljs-built_in">to</span> start
<span class="hljs-number">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">06</span> <span class="hljs-number">13</span>:<span class="hljs-number">12</span>:<span class="hljs-number">04</span> <span class="hljs-number">13345</span> [Note] InnoDB: <span class="hljs-number">5.6</span><span class="hljs-number">.27</span> started; <span class="hljs-built_in">log</span> sequence <span class="hljs-built_in">number</span> <span class="hljs-number">2850211</span>
<span class="hljs-number">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">06</span> <span class="hljs-number">13</span>:<span class="hljs-number">12</span>:<span class="hljs-number">04</span> <span class="hljs-number">13345</span> [ERROR] /data/home/server/mysql-<span class="hljs-number">5.6</span><span class="hljs-number">.27</span>/bin/mysqld: unknown <span class="hljs-built_in">variable</span> <span class="hljs-string">'master-host=192.168.1.1'</span>
<span class="hljs-number">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number">05</span>-<span class="hljs-number">06</span> <span class="hljs-number">13</span>:<span class="hljs-number">12</span>:<span class="hljs-number">04</span> <span class="hljs-number">13345</span> [ERROR] Aborting
</code>
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可以看出master-host 被检测数是一个未知的变量,因此会出现错误。

5、在5.6以及后续版本的配置如下:

修改完/etc/my.cnf 文件之后,重启一下MySQL(service mysqld restart)

进入Slave mysql控制台,执行:

这里写图片描述

<code class=" hljs r">
mysql> <span class="hljs-keyword">stop</span> slave;  <span class="hljs-comment">#关闭Slave</span>
mysql> change master to master_host=<span class="hljs-string">'192.168.1.1'</span>,master_user=<span class="hljs-string">'root'</span>,master_password=<span class="hljs-string">'123456'</span>,master_log_file=<span class="hljs-string">'mysql-bin.000004'</span>, master_log_pos=<span class="hljs-number">28125</span>;

mysql> start slave;  <span class="hljs-comment">#开启Slave</span></code>
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在这里指定Master的信息,master_log_file是在配置Master的时候的File选项, master_log_pos是在配置Master的Position 选项,这里要进行对应。

然后可以通过mysql> show slave status; 查看配置的信息:

<code class=" hljs lasso">mysql<span class="hljs-subst">></span> show slave status <span class="hljs-subst">\</span>G;
<span class="hljs-subst">***************************</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> row <span class="hljs-subst">***************************</span>
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> send event
                  Master_Host: <span class="hljs-number">192.167</span><span class="hljs-number">.1</span><span class="hljs-number">.1</span>
                  Master_User: root
                  Master_Port: <span class="hljs-number">3306</span>
                Connect_Retry: <span class="hljs-number">60</span>
              Master_Log_File: mysql<span class="hljs-attribute">-bin</span><span class="hljs-number">.000004</span>
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: <span class="hljs-number">28125</span>
               Relay_Log_File: VM_128_194_centos<span class="hljs-attribute">-relay</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-bin</span><span class="hljs-number">.000004</span>
                Relay_Log_Pos: <span class="hljs-number">26111</span>
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql<span class="hljs-attribute">-bin</span><span class="hljs-number">.000004</span>
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: ufind_db
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: <span class="hljs-number">28125</span>
              Relay_Log_Space: <span class="hljs-number">26296</span>
              Until_Condition: <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
                  Master_UUID: <span class="hljs-number">8</span>ac3066a<span class="hljs-subst">-</span><span class="hljs-number">9680</span><span class="hljs-subst">-</span><span class="hljs-number">11e5</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-a2ec</span><span class="hljs-subst">-</span><span class="hljs-number">5254007529</span>fd
             Master_Info_File: /<span class="hljs-built_in">data</span>/mysqldb/master<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>info
                    SQL_Delay: <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: <span class="hljs-built_in">NULL</span>
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read <span class="hljs-literal">all</span> relay <span class="hljs-keyword">log</span>; waiting for the slave I/O <span class="hljs-keyword">thread</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> update it
           Master_Retry_Count: <span class="hljs-number">86400</span>
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
<span class="hljs-number">1</span> row <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">set</span> (<span class="hljs-number">0.00</span> sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified

mysql<span class="hljs-subst">></span> 
</code>
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可以看到,已经配置成功。

添加需要同步的从库Slave

由于种种原因,测试的时候使用test库,这里我按照上述的方式,修改Master的my.cnf的配置文件,新增同步的数据库test,重启MySQL,执行Master的:show master status如下:

这里写图片描述

相应的,要修改Slave从库的信息在my.cnf 增加 replicate-do-db=test,重启Mysql,根据上述的show master status,在Slave从库中执行下边的内容:

<code class=" hljs ocaml">
>stop slave
>change master <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> master_host=<span class="hljs-string">'192.168.1.1'</span>,master_user=<span class="hljs-string">'root'</span>,master_password=<span class="hljs-string">'123456'</span>,master_log_file=<span class="hljs-string">'mysql-bin.000005'</span>, master_log_pos=<span class="hljs-number">120</span>;
>start slave</code>
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然后使用:show slave status;

<code class=" hljs lasso">mysql<span class="hljs-subst">></span> show slave status<span class="hljs-subst">\</span>G;
<span class="hljs-subst">***************************</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> row <span class="hljs-subst">***************************</span>
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> send event
                  Master_Host: <span class="hljs-number">192.168</span><span class="hljs-number">.1</span><span class="hljs-number">.1</span>
                  Master_User: root
                  Master_Port: <span class="hljs-number">3306</span>
                Connect_Retry: <span class="hljs-number">60</span>
              Master_Log_File: mysql<span class="hljs-attribute">-bin</span><span class="hljs-number">.000005</span>
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: <span class="hljs-number">1422</span>
               Relay_Log_File: VM_128_194_centos<span class="hljs-attribute">-relay</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-bin</span><span class="hljs-number">.000004</span>
                Relay_Log_Pos: <span class="hljs-number">283</span>
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql<span class="hljs-attribute">-bin</span><span class="hljs-number">.000005</span>
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: ufind_db,test
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: <span class="hljs-number">1422</span>
              Relay_Log_Space: <span class="hljs-number">468</span>
              Until_Condition: <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
                  Master_UUID: <span class="hljs-number">8</span>ac3066a<span class="hljs-subst">-</span><span class="hljs-number">9680</span><span class="hljs-subst">-</span><span class="hljs-number">11e5</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-a2ec</span><span class="hljs-subst">-</span><span class="hljs-number">5254007529</span>fd
             Master_Info_File: /<span class="hljs-built_in">data</span>/mysqldb/master<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>info
                    SQL_Delay: <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: <span class="hljs-built_in">NULL</span>
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read <span class="hljs-literal">all</span> relay <span class="hljs-keyword">log</span>; waiting for the slave I/O <span class="hljs-keyword">thread</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> update it
           Master_Retry_Count: <span class="hljs-number">86400</span>
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
<span class="hljs-number">1</span> row <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">set</span> (<span class="hljs-number">0.00</span> sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified

mysql<span class="hljs-subst">></span> 
</code>
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已经新增加了test。

真正的测试

在主库中新增数据库表,user,观察从库变化如下:

创建数据库的时候:

这里写图片描述

新增数据的时候:

这里写图片描述

删除Master数据库表的时候:
这里写图片描述

配置过程,到此为止,希望能够帮助大家,如有疑问 欢迎留言。

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