mysql高可用方案之MMM
环境规划： 主db1 IP:192.168.1.247 host:tong1 主db2 IP:192.168.1.248 host:tong2 从db3 IP:192.168.1.249 host:tong3 monitor IP:192.168.1.249 host:tong3 数据库:mysql-5.6.21 mysqldba技术群 378190849 武汉-linux运维群 236415619 1.网络环境布置 ton
环境规划：
主db1 IP:192.168.1.247 host:tong1
主db2 IP:192.168.1.248 host:tong2
从db3 IP:192.168.1.249 host:tong3
monitor IP:192.168.1.249 host:tong3
数据库:mysql-5.6.21
mysql dba技术群 378190849
武汉-linux运维群 236415619
1.网络环境布置
tong1数据节点:
[root@tong1 ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 10:78:D2:C7:83:03
inet addr:192.168.1.247 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::1278:d2ff:fec7:8303/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:4953337 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:78512 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:346785301 (330.7 MiB) TX bytes:5389268 (5.1 MiB)
[root@tong1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
192.168.1.247 tong1
192.168.1.248 tong2
192.168.1.249 tong3
[root@tong1 ~]#
tong2数据节点:
[root@tong2 ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 10:78:D2:C7:17:E8
inet addr:192.168.1.248 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::1278:d2ff:fec7:17e8/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:4930658 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:19441 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:315661835 (301.0 MiB) TX bytes:2133138 (2.0 MiB)
[root@tong2 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
192.168.1.247 tong1
192.168.1.248 tong2
192.168.1.249 tong3
[root@tong2 ~]#
tong3监控节点:
[root@tong3 ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 10:78:D2:C8:F7:50
inet addr:192.168.1.249 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::1278:d2ff:fec8:f750/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:6864426 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:99046 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:694563286 (662.3 MiB) TX bytes:7322797 (6.9 MiB)
[root@tong3 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
192.168.1.247 tong1
192.168.1.248 tong2
192.168.1.249 tong3
[root@tong3 ~]#
2.在监控节点上tong3安装mysql-mmm软件
下载地址:http://mysql-mmm.org/downloads
[root@tong3 ~]# tar xvf mysql-mmm-2.2.1.tar.gz
[root@tong3 ~]# cd mysql-mmm-2.2.1
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm-2.2.1]# make && make install
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm-2.2.1]# mmm_
mmm_agentd mmm_backup mmm_clone mmm_control mmm_mond mmm_restore
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm-2.2.1]# ll /etc/mysql-mmm/
total 16
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 33 Apr 29 14:06 mmm_agent.conf
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 684 Apr 29 14:06 mmm_common.conf
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 321 Apr 29 14:06 mmm_mon.conf
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 1293 Apr 29 14:06 mmm_tools.conf
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm-2.2.1]#
3.在tong1,tong2,tong3节点安装mysql数据库(步骤一样)
[root@tong1 ~]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@tong1 ~]# tar xvf mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@tong1 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@tong1 ~]# mv mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql-5.6.23
[root@tong1 ~]# cd mysql-5.6.23/
[root@tong1 ~]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --group=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.23 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.23/data
[root@tong1 ~]# cp -a my.cnf /etc/
[root@tong1 ~]# cp -a support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@tong1 ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@tong1 ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@tong1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
basedir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23
datadir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23/data
port = 3306
server_id = 20 --server_id在三台主机不同,分别用10,20,30表示
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[root@tong1 ~]# pkill mysqld
[root@tong1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
[root@tong1 ~]# /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'system'
[root@tong1 ~]# /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23/bin/mysql -u root -p --输入密码system
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.6.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@tong1 ~]#
4.将tong1和tong2配置成主主架构
tong1节点配置文件:
[root@tong1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
basedir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23
datadir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23/data
port = 3306
server_id = 20
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
replicate-do-db=tong --复制tong数据库
replicate-ignore-db=mysql --忽略mysql数据库
log-bin=mysql-bin --开启二进制日志
log-bin-index=mysql-bin-index
auto_increment_offset=1
auto_increment_increment=2
relay-log=relay-log --开启中继日志
relay-log-index=relay-log-index
log_slave_updates --当任意一台主宕机,从可以接管主应用
sync-binlog=1
[root@tong1 ~]#
tong2节点配置文件:
[root@tong2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
basedir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23
datadir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23/data
port = 3306
server_id = 10
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
replicate-do-db=tong
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
log-bin=mysql-bin
log-bin-index=mysql-bin-index
auto_increment_offset=2
auto_increment_increment=2
relay-log=relay-log
relay-log-index=relay-log-index
log_slave_updates
sync-binlog=1
[root@tong2 ~]#
tong3节点配置文件:
[root@tong3 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
basedir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23
datadir = /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23/data
port = 3306
server_id = 30
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
replicate-do-db=tong
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
[root@tong3 ~]#
配置主主模式:
tong1节点:
[root@tong1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@tong1 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to repl_user@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'system!#%246'; --创建复制用户
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 120 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
tong2节点:
[root@tong2 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to repl_user@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'system!#%246';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 120 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.247',master_port=3306,master_user='repl_user',master_password='system!#%246',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=120; --复制tong1中的数据
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.50 sec)
mysql> start slave; --开启从服务
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql>
tong1节点:
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.248',master_port=3306,master_user='repl_user',master_password='system!#%246',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=120; --复制tong2中的数据
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.22 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.248
Master_User: repl_user
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes --主主同步成功
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: tong
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_Space: 450
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 10
Master_UUID: de5d22d1-ed4b-11e4-9390-1078d2c717e8
Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
5.测试主主架构是否生效
tong1节点:
mysql> create table a(a int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.39 sec)
mysql> insert into a values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> select * from a;
+------+
| a |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
tong2节点:
mysql> \u tong
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from a;
+------+
| a |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into a values(2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> select * from a;
+------+
| a |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
6.将tong3设置成tong1节点的从机
[root@tong3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@tong3 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 16
Server version: 5.6.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.247',master_port=3306,master_user='repl_user',master_password='system!#%246',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=120; --复制tong1中的数据
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.27 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> \u tong
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from a; --数据已同步
+------+
| a |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
7.在三个数据库节点分别创建监控用户和代理用户
mysql> grant replication client on *.* to 'mmm_moniton'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'moniton';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant super,replication client,process on *.* to 'mmm_agent'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'agent';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
8.在监控节点修改配置文件
[root@tong3 ~]# cd /etc/mysql-mmm/
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# ll
total 16
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 33 Apr 29 14:06 mmm_agent.conf
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 684 Apr 29 14:06 mmm_common.conf
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 321 Apr 29 14:06 mmm_mon.conf
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 1293 Apr 29 14:06 mmm_tools.conf
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# vim mmm_common.conf
active_master_role writer
cluster_interface eth0 --心跳网卡接口
pid_path /var/run/mmm_agentd.pid
bin_path /usr/lib/mysql-mmm
replication_user repl_user --复制用户名和密码
replication_password system!#%246
agent_user mmm_agent --代理用户名和密码
agent_password agent
ip 192.168.1.247 --tong1的IP地址
mode master --主模式
peer tong1 --主机名
ip 192.168.1.248
mode master
peer tong2
ip 192.168.1.249
mode slave --从服务器
hosts tong1, tong2 --tong1和tong2可写
ips 192.168.1.120
mode exclusive
hosts tong1, tong2, tong3 --三台可读
ips 192.168.1.121
mode balanced
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# vim mmm_mon.conf
include mmm_common.conf
ip 127.0.0.1
pid_path /var/run/mmm_mond.pid
bin_path /usr/lib/mysql-mmm
status_path /var/lib/misc/mmm_mond.status
ping_ips 192.168.1.247, 192.168.1.248, 192.168.1.249
auto_set_online 10
monitor_user mmm_moniton --监控用户名和密码
monitor_password moniton
debug 1 --为1是开启服务打印日志,为0是只开启服务
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# cat mmm_agent.conf
include mmm_common.conf
this tong3 --主机名
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]#
9.将tong3节点的mmm_common.conf复制到tong1和tong2节点中
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# scp mmm_common.conf tong1:/etc/mysql-mmm/
mmm_common.conf 100% 674 0.7KB/s 00:00
You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# scp mmm_common.conf tong2:/etc/mysql-mmm/
mmm_common.conf 100% 674 0.7KB/s 00:00
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]#
tong1,tong2修改mmm_agent.conf文件并启动服务
[root@tong1 mysql-mmm]# cat mmm_agent.conf
include mmm_common.conf
this tong1 --修改主机名
[root@tong1 mysql-mmm]# /etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-agent restart --重启服务
Daemon bin: '/usr/sbin/mmm_agentd'
Daemon pid: '/var/run/mmm_agentd.pid'
Daemon bin: '/usr/sbin/mmm_agentd'
Daemon pid: '/var/run/mmm_agentd.pid'
Shutting down MMM Agent daemon. Ok
Daemon bin: '/usr/sbin/mmm_agentd'
Daemon pid: '/var/run/mmm_agentd.pid'
Starting MMM Agent daemon... Ok
[root@tong1 mysql-mmm]#
tong3启动mmm-mysql-agent和mysql-mmm-monitor服务
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# /etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-agent restart
Daemon bin: '/usr/sbin/mmm_agentd'
Daemon pid: '/var/run/mmm_agentd.pid'
Daemon bin: '/usr/sbin/mmm_agentd'
Daemon pid: '/var/run/mmm_agentd.pid'
Shutting down MMM Agent daemon. Ok
Daemon bin: '/usr/sbin/mmm_agentd'
Daemon pid: '/var/run/mmm_agentd.pid'
Starting MMM Agent daemon... Ok
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# /etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-monitor restart
Daemon bin: '/usr/sbin/mmm_mond'
Daemon pid: '/var/run/mmm_mond.pid'
Daemon bin: '/usr/sbin/mmm_mond'
Daemon pid: '/var/run/mmm_mond.pid'
Shutting down MMM Monitor daemon: not running.
Daemon bin: '/usr/sbin/mmm_mond'
Daemon pid: '/var/run/mmm_mond.pid'
Starting MMM Monitor daemon: Ok
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# mmm_control show
tong1(192.168.1.247) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.1.120)
tong2(192.168.1.248) master/ONLINE. Roles:
tong3(192.168.1.249) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.1.121)
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# mmm_control set_offline tong1
OK: State of 'tong1' changed to ADMIN_OFFLINE. Now you can wait some time and check all roles!
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# mmm_control show
tong1(192.168.1.247) master/ADMIN_OFFLINE. Roles:
tong2(192.168.1.248) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.1.120)
tong3(192.168.1.249) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.1.121)
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# mmm_control set_offline tong3
OK: State of 'tong3' changed to ADMIN_OFFLINE. Now you can wait some time and check all roles!
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# mmm_control show
tong1(192.168.1.247) master/ADMIN_OFFLINE. Roles:
tong2(192.168.1.248) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.1.121), writer(192.168.1.120)
tong3(192.168.1.249) slave/ADMIN_OFFLINE. Roles:
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# mmm_control set_online tong1
OK: State of 'tong1' changed to ONLINE. Now you can wait some time and check its new roles!
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# mmm_control set_online tong3
OK: State of 'tong3' changed to ONLINE. Now you can wait some time and check its new roles!
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]# mmm_control show
tong1(192.168.1.247) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.1.121)
tong2(192.168.1.248) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.1.120)
tong3(192.168.1.249) slave/ONLINE. Roles:
You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@tong3 mysql-mmm]
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如何将数据插入MySQL表中？连接到数据库：使用mysqli建立与数据库的连接。准备SQL查询：编写一个INSERT语句以指定要插入的列和值。执行查询：使用query()方法执行插入查询，如果成功，将输出一条确认消息。
如何在 PHP 中使用 MySQL 存储过程？
Jun 02, 2024 pm 02:13 PM
要在PHP中使用MySQL存储过程：使用PDO或MySQLi扩展连接到MySQL数据库。准备调用存储过程的语句。执行存储过程。处理结果集（如果存储过程返回结果）。关闭数据库连接。
如何使用 PHP 创建 MySQL 表？
Jun 04, 2024 pm 01:57 PM
使用PHP创建MySQL表需要以下步骤：连接到数据库。创建数据库（如果不存在）。选择数据库。创建表。执行查询。关闭连接。
如何修复 MySQL 8.4 上的 mysql_native_password 未加载错误
Dec 09, 2024 am 11:42 AM
MySQL 8.4（截至 2024 年的最新 LTS 版本）中引入的主要变化之一是默认情况下不再启用“MySQL 本机密码”插件。此外，MySQL 9.0完全删除了这个插件。 此更改会影响 PHP 和其他应用程序
oracle数据库和mysql的区别
May 10, 2024 am 01:54 AM
Oracle数据库和MySQL都是基于关系模型的数据库，但Oracle在兼容性、可扩展性、数据类型和安全性方面更胜一筹；而MySQL则侧重速度和灵活性，更适合小到中等规模的数据集。①Oracle提供广泛的数据类型，②提供高级安全功能，③适合企业级应用程序；①MySQL支持NoSQL数据类型，②安全性措施较少，③适合小型到中等规模应用程序。
