Java 中的异常类型-java教程-PHP中文网

以下文章概述了 Java 中的异常类型。 Java异常在程序执行时起着非常关键的作用。一般来说，任何程序在执行时异常终止或中断都会导致异常。 Java Exception 是在创建对象时出现异常，或者是运行时发生错误，而异常与 Java 中的对象有关，因为它是面向对象的编程语言。因此，存在一个异常和错误的层次结构，其中包含 throwable、try 和 catch 块来捕获和识别引起的异常。

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Java 中不同类型的异常

Java 程序中负责异常类型的对象创建遵循层次结构，如下所示：

Java 中的异常类型

java 编程时的异常基本上分为两类，例如：

内置异常：这些是可以使用现有 Java 库捕获的异常类型。它也称为未检查异常或运行时异常。
用户定义的异常：这些异常类型可以使用用户创建的一些自定义异常来捕获，并且用户应该有能力处理这些异常。这些异常也可以称为检查异常或编译时异常。

1.内置异常的类型

算术异常
ClassNotFoundException
IOException
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
FileNotFoundException
空指针异常
NoSuchFieldException
NoSuchMethodException
StringIndexOutOfBoundsException
运行时异常
NumberFormatException
中断异常

a.算术异常

每当算术计算时出现某些不匹配时，就会调用此异常。

示例：

该程序演示了算术异常。

代码：

public class Arithmtic_excpn {
public static void main(String[] args) {
{
try {
int first_no = 0;
int scnd_no = 20;
int third_no = 0;
int fourth_no = (first_no-scnd_no)/third_no;
System.out.println ("output after the operation " + fourth_no );
}
catch(ArithmeticException arithmetic_ex) {
System.out.println ("The third number cannot store the value of first number multiplied by second number.");
}
}
}
}

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输出：

Java 中的异常类型

b. ClassNotFoundException

如果任何类未正确定义，则会导致 ClassNotFoundException。

示例：

该程序演示了 ClassNotFoundException。

代码：

public class Not_Found_Excp {
private static final String mysql_connector = "com.jdbc.mysql-connector";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("search for the mysql-connector of jdbc for establishing connection.");
Class.forName(mysql_connector);
}
}

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输出：

Java 中的异常类型

c. IO异常

当任何一个输入或输出异常终止并且操作失败时，就会导致 IO 异常。

示例：

该程序演示了 IO 异常。

代码：

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
public class IO_Excption_Ex {
public FileInputStream testMethod1(){
File file_a = new File("123.txt");
FileInputStream fileInptstrm = null;
try{
fileInptstrm = new FileInputStream(file_a);
fileInptstrm.read();
}catch (IOException excpn){
excpn.printStackTrace();
}
finally{
try{
if (fileInptstrm != null){
fileInptstrm.close();
}
}catch (IOException excpn){
excpn.printStackTrace();
}
}
return fileInptstrm;
}
public static void main(String[] args){
IO_Excption_Ex inst_1 = new IO_Excption_Ex();
inst_1.testMethod1();
}
}

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输出：

Java 中的异常类型

d. ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

每当访问错误的索引，并且索引的范围不可达，无法访问时，就会出现ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

示例：

此程序演示了 ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException。

代码：

public class Arr_Indx_Out_Of_BOnd {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
int ar_0[] = new int[6];
ar_0[8] = 11;
}
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException excp){
System.out.println ("Index of the array has crossed the range.");
}
}
}

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输出：

Java 中的异常类型

e.文件未找到异常

如果路径中未正确提及任何文件或未正确打开任何文件，则会抛出 FileNotFoundException

示例：

该程序演示了 FileNotFoundException。

代码：

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
public class File_Not_Found_Excpt_Exmpl {
private static final String file_nm = "jkl.txt";
public static void main(String[] args) {
BufferedReader rder = null;
try {
rder = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(new File(file_nm)));
String inpt_ln = null;
while ((inpt_ln = rder.readLine()) != null)
System.out.println(inpt_ln);
} catch (IOException excpn) {
System.err.println("catch the IO Exception.");
excpn.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
rder.close();
} catch (IOException excpn) {
System.err.println("catch the IO Exception.");
excpn.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}

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输出：

Java 中的异常类型

f.空指针异常

只要对象的成员指向或引用任何空值，就会发生这种类型的异常。

示例：

该程序演示了空指针异常。

代码：

public class Null_Pointer_Excp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
String art_1 = null;
String art_3= "abc";
System.out.println(art_1.charAt(0));
} catch(NullPointerException excpn) {
System.out.println("This will give a null pointer exception.");
}
}
}

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输出：

Java 中的异常类型

g。 NoSuchFieldException

只要不存在字段或存在任何变量，就会发生此异常。

示例：

此程序演示了 NoSuchFieldException。

代码：

import java.text.DateFormat.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
public class No_suc_field_excpn_Ex {
public static void main(String[] args) {
No_suc_field_excpn_Ex excp = new No_suc_field_excpn_Ex();
Class any_cls = excp.getClass();
System.out.println("value_of_field=");
try {
java.lang.reflect.Field strng_fld = any_cls.getField("One_strng");
System.out.println("field for the public superclass is found: " + strng_fld.toString());
} catch(NoSuchFieldException excpn) {
System.out.println(excpn.toString());
}
}
public No_suc_field_excpn_Ex() {
}
public No_suc_field_excpn_Ex(String One_strng) {
this.val_OneStrng = One_strng;
}
public String val_OneStrng = "Everything appears to be Exception.";
}

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输出：

Java 中的异常类型

h. NoSuchMethodException

While trying to access any method in a class and that method is not defined clearly or else is missing will lead to NoSuchMethodException.

Example:

This program demonstrates the NoSuchMethodException.

Code:

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
public class No_Sch_mthd_Ex {
public static String add_rss;
public static String somefiletext;
public static String initial_page_src;
public static void Calculate() throws MalformedURLException {
URL url_a = new URL(add_rss) ;
URLConnection connect_2 = null;
try {
connect_2 = url_a.openConnection();
} catch (IOException excp) {
excp.printStackTrace();
}
BufferedReader buffrr = null;
try {
buffrr = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(connect_2.getInputStream()));
} catch (IOException excpn) {
excpn.printStackTrace();
}
String filnm_z = "C:\\Users\\adutta\\Documents\\"+"page_src"+"123.txt";
File file_o = new File(filnm_z);
if (!file_o.exists()) {
try {
file_o.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException excpn) {
excpn.printStackTrace();
}
}
FileWriter flwrtr = null;
try {
flwrtr = new FileWriter(filnm_z);
} catch (IOException exc) {
exc.printStackTrace();
}
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(flwrtr);
String textreader;
try {
while ((textreader = buffrr.readLine()) != null) {
bw.write(textreader);
}
} catch (IOException excn) {
excn.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void set_page_src(String page_src){
page_src = initial_page_src;
}
public static void set_url(String addressname){
addressname = add_rss;
}
public static void set_text_file_name(String celeb_filename_p){
celeb_filename_p = celeb_name_i;
}
public static String celeb_name_i = "type_the_text" ;
public static  String url_add_ress = "http//ooo.com";
public static void main(String[] args) {
No_Sch_mthd_Ex.set_page_src(celeb_name_i);
No_Sch_mthd_Ex.set_url(url_add_ress);
try {
No_Sch_mthd_Ex.Calculate();
} catch (IOException excpn) {
excpn.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

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Output:

Java 中的异常类型

i. StringIndexOutOfBoundsException

If the index ranging is negative or more than the defined index range in the string class, then it will result into this exception of StringIndexOutOfBoundsException.

Example:

This program demonstrates the StringIndexOutOfBoundsException.

Code:

public class String_Inx_Out_Of_Bound_Ex {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
String ant = "ant crawls very slowly.";
char chrct = ant.charAt(50);
System.out.println(chrct);
}
catch(StringIndexOutOfBoundsException excepn) {
System.out.println("String_Out_Of_Bound_Exception occured.");
}
}
}

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Output:

Java 中的异常类型

j. RuntimeException

During runtime if any kind of exception arise then these types of exceptions are known as RuntimeException.

Example:

This program demonstrates the RuntimeException.

Code:

public class Runtime_Excp_Ex {
public void Demo_Runtime_Exception () {
throw new Running_Exception();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
new Running_Exception().Demo_Runtime_Exception();
} catch(Exception excpn) {
System.out.println(excpn.getClass().getName());
}
}
}
class Running_Exception extends RuntimeException {
public Running_Exception() {
super();
}
public void Demo_Runtime_Exception() {
throw new Running_Exception();
}
}

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Output:

Java 中的异常类型

k. NumberFormatException

Any exception which cannot get converted into numeric format from the string defined then it will lead to NumberFormatException.

Example:

This program demonstrates the NumberFormatException.

Code:

public class No_Format_Ex {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int value1 = Integer.parseInt ("parasite1") ;
System.out.println(value1);
} catch(NumberFormatException excepn) {
System.out.println("This gives Number Format Exception");
}
}
}

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Output:

Java 中的异常类型

l. InterruptedException

If a thread gets disturbed at the time of waiting, sleeping or while performing some processing then it leads to interrupted Exception.

Example:

This program demonstrates the InterruptedException.

Code:

class ChildThread extends Thread {
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException excpn) {
System.err.println("Interuppted_Exception occured.");
excpn.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public class Interuupted_Excpt_Exmple {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ChildThread chldth1 = new ChildThread();
chldth1.start();
chldth1.interrupt();
}
}

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Output:

Java 中的异常类型

2. User-Defined Exception

This exception occurs whenever there is some customizable or errors done by user while implementation and execution of program.

Example:

This program demonstrates the user-Defined Exception.

Code:

public class My_Excpn extends Exception {
private static int roll_no[] = {10, 15, 23, 30};
private static String student_Nm[] = {"ani", "viky", "nidhi", "ash"};
private static double marks[] = {20.5, 44.6, 30, 17};
My_Excpn() {    }
My_Excpn(String str)
{
super(str);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try  {
System.out.println("roll_no" + "\t" + "student_Nm" +
"\t" + "marks");
for (int i = 0; i < 4 ; i++)
{
System.out.println(roll_no[i] + "\t" + student_Nm[i] +
"\t" + marks[i]);
if (marks[i] < 60)
{
My_Excpn mrk1 =
new My_Excpn("Student will fail if marks is less than 60");
throw mrk1;
}
}
}
catch (My_Excpn excpn) {
excpn.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

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Output:

Java 中的异常类型

Conclusion

Exceptions in java plays a very pivotal role because it helps in catching and simultaneously throwing of the root cause for an abnormal termination of the program. It often causes and consumes a lot of time for programmers to run and execute programs therefore these kinds of fatal exceptions should not occur frequently at the time of production or even implementation.

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