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揭示 Spring AOP 的内部工作原理

王林

Sep 07, 2024 am 06:34 AM

Unveiling the Inner Workings of Spring AOP

在这篇文章中，我们将揭秘 Spring 中面向方面编程（AOP）的内部机制。重点将放在理解 AOP 如何实现日志记录等功能，这些功能通常被认为是一种“魔法”。通过浏览核心 Java 实现，我们将了解 Java 的反射、代理模式和注释，而不是任何真正神奇的东西。

先决条件

Java 核心代理 API
反射API
注释API

这些都是 java.lang.reflect、java.lang.annotation 和 javassist.util.proxy 包的一部分。

核心机制

Spring AOP 的核心是代理对象、方法拦截器和反射的概念。此模式中的关键角色是 MethodHandler（或调用处理程序）。该处理程序通过拦截方法调用来控制代理对象的行为。当在代理上调用方法时，它会通过处理程序传递，其中可以通过反射对注释进行内省。根据应用的注释，可以在异常之前、之后或异常时执行必要的逻辑（例如日志记录）。

分解它

代理对象：这些是动态创建的对象，代表您的实际业务对象，通过方法处理程序路由方法调用。
调用处理程序：这就是拦截的神奇之处。使用反射，处理程序可以检查目标方法上存在的注释并相应地改变行为。
自定义注释：您可以定义自定义注释，它们用作触发日志记录、安全检查或事务管理等附加功能的标记。

示例： 假设我们想在某些方法执行之前和之后添加日志记录。我们可以使用 @BeforeMethod 和 @AfterMethod 注释方法，而不是到处硬编码日志记录。我们的处理程序检查此注释的方法并动态添加适当的日志记录逻辑。

下面是我们示例中控制器和服务的类。

WorkerController.java

package edu.pk.poc.aop.controller;

import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.AfterMethod;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.All;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.BeforeMethod;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.helper.ProxyFactory;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.service.Worker;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.service.WorkerService;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.service.WorkerServiceImpl;

public class WorkerController {
    WorkerService workerService = ProxyFactory.createProxy(WorkerServiceImpl.class);
    /**
     * This Method 1s annotated with @BeforeMethod and @AfterMethod, So the log statements
     * will be generated before and after method call.
     */
    @BeforeMethod
    @AfterMethod
    public void engageFullTimeWorker() throws Exception {
        Worker fullTimeWorker = new Worker();
        fullTimeWorker.setName("FullTime-Worker");
        fullTimeWorker.setPartTime(false);
        fullTimeWorker.setDuration(9);
        workerService.doWork(fullTimeWorker);
    }
    /**
     * This Method is annotated with @All, So the log statements will be generated before and after method call
     * along with exception if raised.
     */
    @All
    public void engagePartTimeWorker() throws Exception {
        Worker partTimeWorker = new Worker();
        partTimeWorker.setName("PartTime-Worker");
        partTimeWorker.setPartTime(true);
        partTimeWorker.setDuration(4);
        workerService.doWork(partTimeWorker);
    }
}

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WorkerServiceImpl.java

package edu.pk.poc.aop.service;

import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.AfterMethod;

public class WorkerServiceImpl implements WorkerService {
    /**
     * Here this method is annotated with only @AfterMethod, So only log statement
     * will be generated after method call
     */
    @AfterMethod
    @Override
    public void doWork(Worker worker) throws Exception {
        if (worker.isPartTime()) {
            throw new Exception("Part time workers are not permitted to work.");
        }
        System.out.print("A full time worker is working for " + worker.getDuration() + " hours :: ");
        for (int i = 1; i < worker.getDuration(); i++) {
            System.out.print("* ");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
}

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Main.java 测试类

package edu.pk.poc.aop.test;

import edu.pk.poc.aop.controller.WorkerController;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.helper.ProxyFactory;
import edu.pk.util.Logger;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WorkerController controller = ProxyFactory.createProxy(WorkerController.class);
        Logger logger = new Logger();
        try {
            System.out.println("Testing @BeforeMethod and @AfterMethod");
            System.out.println("-----------------------------------------");
            controller.engageFullTimeWorker();
            System.out.println("Testing @All");
            System.out.println("-----------------------------------------");
            controller.engagePartTimeWorker();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("Exception caught in Main class");
        }
    }
}

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输出

Testing @BeforeMethod and @AfterMethod
-----------------------------------------
>>> Entering into edu.pk.poc.aop.controller.WorkerController.engageFullTimeWorker()
A full time worker is working for 9 hours :: * * * * * * * * 
>>> Exiting from edu.pk.poc.aop.service.WorkerServiceImpl.doWork()
>>> Exiting from edu.pk.poc.aop.controller.WorkerController.engageFullTimeWorker()
Testing @All
-----------------------------------------
>>> Entering into edu.pk.poc.aop.controller.WorkerController.engagePartTimeWorker()
>>> Exception in edu.pk.poc.aop.controller.WorkerController.engagePartTimeWorker()
Exception caught in Main class

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它是如何运作的

当在代理对象上调用方法时，该调用会被处理程序拦截，处理程序使用反射来检查目标方法上的所有注释。根据这些注释，处理程序决定是否记录方法进入/退出、记录异常或完全跳过记录。

以下是可视化它的方法：

执行前：记录方法条目。
执行后：记录方法退出或成功。
全部：记录方法条目、方法条目以及引发的异常。这种动态行为表明 Spring AOP 利用了核心 Java API，而不是使用一些神奇的技巧。

定义注释

package edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface AfterMethod {

}

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package edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface BeforeMethod {

}

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package edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface All {

}

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定义代理工厂

package edu.pk.poc.aop.helper;

/**
 * The {@code ProxyFactory} class is responsible for creating proxy objects using the Javassist library.
 * It allows for dynamic generation of proxies for classes or interfaces, with support for method interception.
 */
public class ProxyFactory {

    /**
     * A Javassist ProxyFactory instance used to generate proxy classes.
     */
    private static final javassist.util.proxy.ProxyFactory factory = new javassist.util.proxy.ProxyFactory();

    /**
     * Creates a proxy object for the given class or interface.
     * If the class is an interface, the proxy implements the interface.
     * If it's a concrete class, the proxy extends the class.
     *
     * @param <T>   the type of the class or interface for which the proxy is to be created
     * @param klass the {@code Class} object representing the class or interface to proxy
     * @return a proxy instance of the specified class or interface, or {@code null} if proxy creation fails
     */
    public static <T> T createProxy(Class<T> klass) {
        if (klass.isInterface())
            factory.setInterfaces(new Class[]{klass});
        else
            factory.setSuperclass(klass);
        try {
            return (T) factory.create(new Class<?>[0], new Object[0], new AOPLoggingMethodHandler());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
        }
        return null;
    }
}

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定义 MethodHandler

package edu.pk.poc.aop.helper;

import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.AfterMethod;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.All;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.BeforeMethod;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.OnException;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import edu.pk.util.Logger;
import javassist.util.proxy.MethodHandler;

public class AOPLoggingMethodHandler implements MethodHandler {

    private static final Logger logger = new Logger();

    public Object invoke(Object self, Method thisMethod, Method proceed, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        if (proceed != null) { // Concrete Method
            Object result = null;
            String className = resolveClassName(self);
            try {
                if (isAnnotationPresent(thisMethod, BeforeMethod.class) || isAnnotationPresent(thisMethod, All.class)) {
                    logger.info(">>> Entering into " + className + "." + thisMethod.getName() + "()");
                }
                result = proceed.invoke(self, args);
                if (isAnnotationPresent(thisMethod, AfterMethod.class) || isAnnotationPresent(thisMethod, All.class)) {
                    logger.info(">>> Exiting from " + className + "." + thisMethod.getName() + "()");
                }
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                if (isAnnotationPresent(thisMethod, OnException.class) || isAnnotationPresent(thisMethod, All.class)) {
                    logger.error(">>> Exception in " + className + "." + thisMethod.getName() + "()");
                }
                throw t;
            }
            return result;
        }
        throw new RuntimeException("Method is Abstract");
    }

    private boolean isAnnotationPresent(Method method, Class klass) {
        Annotation[] declaredAnnotationsByType = method.getAnnotationsByType(klass);
        return declaredAnnotationsByType != null && declaredAnnotationsByType.length > 0;
    }

    private String resolveClassName(Object self) {
        String className = self.getClass().getName();
        if (className.contains("_$$")) {
            className = className.substring(0, className.indexOf("_$$"));
        }
        return className;
    }
}

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