将 NextJs 和 NestJs 部署为单个应用程序-js教程-PHP中文网

嘿那里！我很高兴与您分享如何配置 NestJS 以在单个主机上无缝工作。但首先，让我解释一下为什么这个设置长期以来一直是我管理前端和后端的首选。

Next.js 在启动新项目方面非常强大。它包含内置路由、服务器端渲染 (SSR) 和缓存等功能，可帮助您快速上手。此外，Next.js 拥有自己的内部 API 功能，让您可以在框架内管理缓存和数据准备等任务。这意味着您可以更多地专注于构建应用程序，而不是设置基础设施。

但有时您需要为服务器提供更强大的功能。这就是 Nest.js 的用武之地。这个框架非常强大，它不仅可以处理后端和前端之间的中间件职责，而且还可以单独充当强大的后端解决方案。因此，在这种情况下，NestJS 是 Next.js 的一个很好的补充，允许在前端和后端使用单一编程语言。

为什么是单一主机？

简单地说，非常方便。只需 git pull 和 docker-compose up -d，您就可以开始了。无需担心 CORS 或杂乱端口。此外，它还简化了交付流程，使一切运行更加顺利和高效。作为一个缺点，我可以指出这不适合高负载的大型项目。

1. 首先，让我们定义存储库的文件夹结构

Deploy NextJs and NestJs as a single application

2.我们为服务器声明一个docker文件

文件：./docker-compose.yml

services:
    nginx:
        image: nginx:alpine
        ports:
            - "80:80"
        volumes:
            - "./docker/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d"
        depends_on:
            - frontend
            - backend
        networks:
            - internal-network
            - external-network

    frontend:
        image: ${FRONTEND_IMAGE}
        restart: always
        networks:
            - internal-network

    backend:
        image: ${BACKEND_IMAGE}
        environment:
            NODE_ENV: ${NODE_ENV}
            POSTGRES_HOST: ${POSTGRES_HOST}
            POSTGRES_USER: ${POSTGRES_USER}
            POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
            POSTGRES_DB: ${POSTGRES_DB}
        depends_on:
            - postgres
        restart: always
        networks:
            - internal-network

    postgres:
        image: postgres:12.1-alpine
        container_name: postgres
        volumes:
            - "./docker/postgres:/var/lib/postgresql/data"
        environment:
            POSTGRES_USER: ${POSTGRES_USER}
            POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
            POSTGRES_DB: ${POSTGRES_DB}
        ports:
            - "5432:5432"

networks:
    internal-network:
        driver: bridge

    external-network:
        driver: bridge

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3.开发模式的另一个docker文件

对于开发模式，我们不需要后端和前端的容器服务，因为我们将在本地运行它们。

文件：./docker-compose.dev.yml

version: '3'

services:
    nginx:
        image: nginx:alpine
        ports:
            - "80:80"
        volumes:
            - "./docker/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d"

    postgres:
        image: postgres:12.1-alpine
        container_name: postgres
        volumes:
            - "./docker/postgres:/var/lib/postgresql/data"
        environment:
            POSTGRES_USER: postgres
            POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
            POSTGRES_DB: postgres
        ports:
            - "5432:5432"

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4. 后端Docker文件

文件：./backend/Dockerfile

FROM node:18-alpine AS deps
RUN apk add --no-cache libc6-compat
WORKDIR /app

COPY package.json package-lock.json ./
RUN  npm install

FROM node:18-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=deps /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY . .

ENV NEXT_TELEMETRY_DISABLED 1

RUN npm run build

FROM node:18-alpine AS runner
WORKDIR /app

ENV NODE_ENV production
ENV NEXT_TELEMETRY_DISABLED 1

RUN addgroup --system --gid 1001 nodejs
RUN adduser --system --uid 1001 nextjs

COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=builder /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY --from=builder /app/package.json ./package.json

RUN mkdir -p /app/backups && chown -R nextjs:nodejs /app/backups && chmod -R 777 /app/backups

USER nextjs

EXPOSE 3010

ENV PORT 3010

CMD ["node", "dist/src/main"]

## 5. Docker file for frontend
File: ./frontend/Dockerfile

FROM node:18-alpine AS deps
RUN apk add --no-cache libc6-compat
WORKDIR /app

COPY package.json package-lock.json ./
RUN  npm install

FROM node:18-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=deps /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY . .

ENV NEXT_TELEMETRY_DISABLED 1

RUN npm run build

FROM node:18-alpine AS runner
WORKDIR /app

ENV NODE_ENV production
ENV NEXT_TELEMETRY_DISABLED 1

RUN addgroup --system --gid 1001 nodejs
RUN adduser --system --uid 1001 nextjs

COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/.next ./.next
COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/public ./public
COPY --from=builder /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY --from=builder /app/package.json ./package.json

USER nextjs

EXPOSE 3000

ENV PORT 3000

CMD ["npm", "start"]

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6.Ngnix配置

在此步骤中，我们将 Nginx 配置为充当 Next.js 前端和 Nest.js 后端的反向代理。 Nginx 配置允许您在前端和后端之间无缝路由请求，同时从同一主机提供服务。

文件：/docker/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

server {
    listen 80;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://host.docker.internal:3000;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }

    location /api {
        proxy_pass http://host.docker.internal:3010;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
}

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此配置侦听端口 80，并将一般流量路由到端口 3000 上的 Next.js 前端，而对 /api 的任何请求都会转发到端口 3010 上的 Nest.js 后端。

7.NestJs全局前缀

由于我们使用相同的主机，我们需要 NestJs 在 /apipath 上可用。为此，我们需要 setGlobalPrefix — API。

文件：./backend/src/main.js

import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core';
import { AppModule } from './app.module';

async function bootstrap() {
  const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule, { cors: true  });
  app.setGlobalPrefix('api');
  await app.listen(3010);
}
bootstrap();

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8. 前端

前端不需要配置，只需考虑所有服务器请求都应该相对于 /api 路径调用。

9.本地运行

cd 前端
npm run dev
cd ../后端
npm run start:dev
cd ../
docker-compose -f docker-compose.dev.yml up -d

现在，我们可以通过在浏览器中打开 localhost 来检查我们的网站。在示例中，我们在服务器上有 1 个请求，在客户端上有另一个请求。这两个请求都是从 Next.Js 调用并由 Nest.Js 处理。

Deploy NextJs and NestJs as a single application

10.通过GitHub在服务器上部署运行

本文探讨了如何使用 Docker 注册表和 GitHub Actions 将项目部署到服务器。该过程首先在 Docker 注册表中为后端和前端创建 Docker 映像。之后，您需要设置 GitHub 存储库并配置无缝部署所需的机密：

DOCKERHUB_USERNAME
DOCKERHUB_TOKEN
DOCKER_FRONTEND_IMAGE
DOCKER_BACKEND_IMAGE
REMOTE_SERVER_HOST
REMOTE_SERVER_USERNAME
REMOTE_SERVER_SSH_KEY
REMOTE_SERVER_SSH_PORT

为后端和前端使用同一个存储库的背后是，每次推送某些内容时，两个镜像都会重建。为了优化它，我们可以使用以下条件：

if: contains(github.event_name, ‘push’) && !startsWith(github.event.head_commit.message, ‘frontend’)

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if: contains(github.event_name, ‘push’) && !startsWith(github.event.head_commit.message, ‘backend’)

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它可以通过指定提交消息来仅重建您关注的图像。

File: ./github/workflows/deploy.yml

name: deploy nextjs and nestjs to GITHUB

on:
  push:
    branches: [ "main" ]

jobs:
  build-and-push-frontend:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    if: contains(github.event_name, 'push') && !startsWith(github.event.head_commit.message, 'backend')

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v3

      - name: Login to Docker Hub
        uses: docker/login-action@v1
        with:
          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}

      - name: Build and push frontend to Docker Hub
        uses: docker/build-push-action@v2
        with:
          context: frontend
          file: frontend/Dockerfile
          push: true
          tags: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_FRONTEND_IMAGE }}:latest

      - name: SSH into the remote server and deploy frontend
        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@master
        with:
          host: ${{ secrets.REMOTE_SERVER_HOST }}
          username: ${{ secrets.REMOTE_SERVER_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.REMOTE_SERVER_SSH_KEY }}
          port: ${{ secrets.REMOTE_SERVER_SSH_PORT }}
          script: |
            cd website/
            docker rmi -f ${{ secrets.DOCKER_FRONTEND_IMAGE }}:latest
            docker-compose down
            docker-compose up -d

  build-and-push-backend:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    if: contains(github.event_name, 'push') && !startsWith(github.event.head_commit.message, 'frontend')

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v3

      - name: Login to Docker Hub
        uses: docker/login-action@v1
        with:
          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}

      - name: Build and push backend to Docker Hub
        uses: docker/build-push-action@v2
        with:
          context: backend
          file: backend/Dockerfile
          push: true
          tags: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_BACKEND_IMAGE }}:latest

      - name: SSH into the remote server and deploy backend
        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@master
        with:
          host: ${{ secrets.REMOTE_SERVER_HOST }}
          username: ${{ secrets.REMOTE_SERVER_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.REMOTE_SERVER_SSH_KEY }}
          port: ${{ secrets.REMOTE_SERVER_SSH_PORT }}
          script: |
            cd website/
            docker rmi -f ${{ secrets.DOCKER_BACKEND_IMAGE }}:latest
            docker-compose down
            docker-compose up -d=

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Repository: https://github.com/xvandevx/blog-examples/tree/main/nextjs-nestjs-deploy

Recap

This article is a hands-on guide to deploying Next.js and Nest.js together on a single server, making it a go-to solution for developers who want a streamlined setup. By combining the strengths of Next.js for frontend and Nest.js for backend, I showed how to efficiently manage both parts of your application using Docker and GitHub Actions. It simplifies the deployment process, allowing you to focus on building your app rather than juggling multiple configurations. Perfect for those looking to get a full-stack project up and running quickly with minimal hassle.

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