您是否曾经被抽象的粒子动画迷住过?这些流动的动态视觉效果可以通过使用纯 JavaScript 和 HTML canvas 元素的极其简单的技术来实现。在本文中,我们将分解创建一个流场的过程,该流场可以为数千个粒子提供动画,让它们自然运动。
首先,我们需要三个文件:一个用于设置画布的 HTML 文件、一个用于样式设置的 CSS 文件以及一个用于处理逻辑的 JavaScript 文件。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Flow Fields</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css"> </head> <body> <canvas id="canvas1"></canvas> <script src="script.js"></script> </body> </html>
让我们添加一个简单的样式,为画布提供黑色背景,并确保删除所有内边距和边距。
* { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; } canvas { background-color: black; }
Particle类是动画的核心所在。每个粒子在画布上移动,留下其过去位置的痕迹,创造流动的效果。
class Particle { constructor(effect) { this.effect = effect; this.x = Math.floor(Math.random() * this.effect.width); this.y = Math.floor(Math.random() * this.effect.height); this.speedModifier = Math.floor(Math.random() * 5 + 1); this.history = [{ x: this.x, y: this.y }]; this.maxLength = Math.floor(Math.random() * 200 + 10); this.timer = this.maxLength * 2; this.colors = ['#4C026B', '#8E0E00', '#9D0208', '#BA1A1A', '#730D9E']; this.color = this.colors[Math.floor(Math.random() * this.colors.length)]; } draw(context) { context.beginPath(); context.moveTo(this.history[0].x, this.history[0].y); for (let i = 1; i < this.history.length; i++) { context.lineTo(this.history[i].x, this.history[i].y); } context.strokeStyle = this.color; context.stroke(); } update() { this.timer--; if (this.timer >= 1) { let x = Math.floor(this.x / this.effect.cellSize); let y = Math.floor(this.y / this.effect.cellSize); let index = y * this.effect.cols + x; let angle = this.effect.flowField[index]; this.speedX = Math.cos(angle); this.speedY = Math.sin(angle); this.x += this.speedX * this.speedModifier; this.y += this.speedY * this.speedModifier; this.history.push({ x: this.x, y: this.y }); if (this.history.length > this.maxLength) { this.history.shift(); } } else if (this.history.length > 1) { this.history.shift(); } else { this.reset(); } } reset() { this.x = Math.floor(Math.random() * this.effect.width); this.y = Math.floor(Math.random() * this.effect.height); this.history = [{ x: this.x, y: this.y }]; this.timer = this.maxLength * 2; } }
Effect 类处理粒子的创建和流场本身,它控制粒子的运动。
class Effect { constructor(canvas) { this.canvas = canvas; this.width = this.canvas.width; this.height = this.canvas.height; this.particles = []; this.numberOfParticles = 3000; this.cellSize = 20; this.flowField = []; this.curve = 5; this.zoom = 0.12; this.debug = true; this.init(); } init() { this.rows = Math.floor(this.height / this.cellSize); this.cols = Math.floor(this.width / this.cellSize); for (let y = 0; y < this.rows; y++) { for (let x = 0; x < this.cols; x++) { let angle = (Math.cos(x * this.zoom) + Math.sin(y * this.zoom)) * this.curve; this.flowField.push(angle); } } for (let i = 0; i < this.numberOfParticles; i++) { this.particles.push(new Particle(this)); } } drawGrid(context) { context.save(); context.strokeStyle = 'white'; context.lineWidth = 0.3; for (let c = 0; c < this.cols; c++) { context.beginPath(); context.moveTo(c * this.cellSize, 0); context.lineTo(c * this.cellSize, this.height); context.stroke(); } for (let r = 0; r < this.rows; r++) { context.beginPath(); context.moveTo(0, r * this.cellSize); context.lineTo(this.width, r * this.cellSize); context.stroke(); } context.restore(); } render(context) { if (this.debug) this.drawGrid(context); this.particles.forEach(particle => { particle.draw(context); particle.update(); }); } }
为了让一切正常工作,我们需要一个动画循环来不断清除画布并重新渲染粒子:
const effect = new Effect(canvas); function animate() { ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height); effect.render(ctx); requestAnimationFrame(animate); } animate();
通过分解 Particle 和 Effect 类,我们仅使用普通 JavaScript 创建了流体和动态流场动画。 HTML 画布的简单性与 JavaScript 的三角函数相结合,使我们能够构建这些令人着迷的视觉效果。
随意使用粒子数、颜色或流场公式来创建您自己的独特效果!
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