使用 Django Rest Framework 寻找海森堡-Python教程-PHP中文网

Hunting Heisenberg with Django Rest Framework

這個想法

這個想法是為 DEA 特工創建一個簡單的平台，來管理《絕命毒師》/《風騷律師》宇宙中角色的資訊。為了讓 DEA 特工的工作變得更輕鬆，他們需要一個 API 端點，允許根據人物的姓名、出生日期、職業或他們是否是嫌疑人的事實來過濾有關人物的信息。

緝毒局試圖將毒梟關進監獄，他們正在追蹤他們以及他們所在位置周圍的人。它們將時間戳記和特定位置作為地理座標儲存在相關表中。將公開資料的端點需要允許過濾距離特定地理點特定距離內的位置條目，以及它們被指派給誰，以及記錄它們的日期時間範圍。此端點的排序應允許考慮距指定地理點的距離，升序和降序。

要了解它是如何完成的，您可以按照下面的文件在本地設定此項目並自行測試。

您可以在我的 GitHub 儲存庫中找到程式碼。

設定項目

作為先決條件，您需要在系統上安裝 Docker 和 docker-compose。

首先，前往您的專案資料夾並複製 Breaking Bad API 儲存庫：

git克隆git@github.com:drangovski/writing-bad-api.git

cd 破壞-bad-api

然後您需要建立 .env 文件，在其中放置以下變數的值：

POSTGRES_USER=heisenberg
POSTGRES_PASSWORD=iamthedanger
POSTGRES_DB=breakingbad
DEBUG=True
SECRET_KEY="<SECRET KEY>"
DJANGO_ALLOWED_HOSTS=localhost 127.0.0.1 [::1]
SQL_ENGINE=django.db.backends.postgresql
SQL_DATABASE=breakingbad
SQL_USER=heisenberg
SQL_PASSWORD=iamthedanger
SQL_HOST=db<br />
SQL_PORT=5432

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注意：如果需要，您可以使用 env_generator.sh 檔案為您建立 .env 檔案。這也會自動產生SECRET_KEY。要運行此文件，請先使用 chmod x env_generator.sh 授予其權限，然後使用 ./env_generator.sh
運行它

一旦你有了這套，你就可以運行：

docker-compose 建置

docker-compose up

這將在 localhost:8000 啟動 Django 應用程式。要存取 API，URL 將為 localhost:8000/api。

模擬地點

為了這些項目的主題（最終，為了讓你的生活更輕鬆一點:)），你最終可以使用以下位置及其坐標：

Location	Longitude	Latitude
Los Pollos Hermanos	35.06534619552971	-106.64463423464572
Walter White House	35.12625330483283	-106.53566597939896
Saul Goodman Office	35.12958969793146	-106.53106126774908
Mike Ehrmantraut House	35.08486667169461	-106.64115047513016
Jessie Pinkman House	35.078341181544396	-106.62404891988452
Hank & Marrie House	35.13512843853582	-106.48159991250327

import requests
import json

url = 'http://localhost:8000/api/characters/'

headers = {'Content-Type' : "application/json"}

response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, verify=False)

if response.status_code == 200:
    data = response.json()
    print(json.dumps(data, indent=2))
else:
    print("Request failed with status code:", response.status_code)

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人物

檢索所有字符

檢索資料庫中所有現有的字元。

取得/api/字元/

[
    {
        "id": 1,
        "name": "Walter White",
        "occupation": "Chemistry Professor",
        "date_of_birth": "1971",
        "suspect": false
    },
    {
        "id": 2,
        "name": "Tuco Salamanca",
        "occupation": "Grandpa Keeper",
        "date_of_birth": "1976",
        "suspect": true
    }
]

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檢索單一字符

要檢索單一角色，請將角色的 ID 傳遞給 enpoint。

GET /api/characters/{id}

創建一個新角色

您可以使用 POST 方法到 /characters/ 端點來建立新角色。

POST /api/characters/

建立參數

您需要在查詢中傳遞以下參數，才能成功建立角色：

{
    "name": "string",
    "occupation": "string",
    "date_of_birth": "string",
    "suspect": boolean
}

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Parameter	Description
name	String value for the name of the character.
occupation	String value for the occupation of the character.
date_of_birth	String value for the date of brith.
suspect	Boolean parameter. True if suspect, False if not.

Character ordering

Ordering of the characters can be done by two fields as parameters: name and date_of_birth

GET /api/characters/?ordering={name / date_of_birth}

Parameter	Description
name	Order the results by the name field.
date_of_birth	Order the results by the date_of_birth field.

Additionally, you can add the parameter ascending with a value 1 or 0 to order the results in ascending or descending order.

GET /api/characters/?ordering={name / date_of_birth}&ascending={1 / 0}

Parameter	Description
&ascending=1	Order the results in ascending order by passing 1 as a value.
&ascending=0	Order the results in descending order by passing 0 as a value.

Character filtering

To filter the characters, you can use the parameters in the table below. Case insensitive.

GET /api/characters/?name={text}

Parameter	Description
/?name={text}	Filter the results by name. It can be any length and case insensitive.
/?occupaton={text}	Filter the results by occupation. It can be any length and case insensitive.
/?suspect={True / False}	Filter the results by suspect status. It can be True or False.

Character search

You can also use the search parameter in the query to search characters and retrieve results based on the fields listed below.

GET /api/characters/?search={text}

name
occupation
date_of_birth

Update a character

To update a character, you will need to pass the {id} of a character to the URL and make a PUT method request with the parameters in the table below.

PUT /api/characters/{id}

{
    "name": "Mike Ehrmantraut",
    "occupation": "Retired Officer",
    "date_of_birth": "1945",
    "suspect": false
}

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Parameter	Description
name	String value for the name of the character.
occupation	String value for the occupation of the character.
date_of_birth	String value for the date of birth.
suspect	Boolean parameter. True if suspect, False if not.

Delete a character

To delete a character, you will need to pass the {id} of a character to the URL and make DELETE method request.

DELETE /api/characters/{id}

Locations

Retrieve all locations

To retrieves all existing locations in the database.

GET /api/locations/

[
    {
        "id": 1,
        "name": "Los Pollos Hermanos",
        "longitude": 35.065442792232716,
        "latitude": -106.6444840309555,
        "created": "2023-02-09T22:04:32.441106Z",
        "character": {
            "id": 2,
            "name": "Tuco Salamanca",
            "details": "http://localhost:8000/api/characters/2"
        }
    },
]

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Retrieve a single location

To retrieve a single location, pass the locations ID to the endpoint.

GET /api/locations/{id}

Create a new location

You can use the POST method to /locations/ endpoint to create a new location.

POST /api/locations/

Creation parameters

You will need to pass the following parameters in the query, to successfully create a location:

{
    "name": "string",
    "longitude": float,
    "latitude": float,
    "character": integer
}

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Parameter	Description
name	The name of the location.
longitude	Longitude of the location.
latitude	Latitude of the location.
character	This is the id of a character. It is basically ForeignKey relation to the Character model.

Note: Upon creation of an entry, the Longitude and the Latitude will be converted to a PointField() type of field in the model and stored as a calculated geographical value under the field coordinates, in order for the location coordinates to be eligible for GeoDjango operations.

Location ordering

Ordering of the locations can be done by providing the parameters for the longitude and latitude coordinates for a single point, and a radius (in meters). This will return all of the locations stored in the database, that are in the provided radius from the provided point (coordinates).

GET /api/locations/?longitude={longitude}&latitude={latitude}&radius={radius}

Parameter	Description
longitude	The longitude parameter of the radius point.
latitude	The latitude parameter of the radius point.
radius	The radius parameter (in meters).

Additionally, you can add the parameter ascending with values 1 or 0 to order the results in ascending or descending order.

GET /api/locations/?longitude={longitude}&latitude={latitude}&radius={radius}&ascending={1 / 0}

Parameter	Description
&ascending=1	Order the results in ascending order by passing 1 as a value.
&ascending=0	Order the results in descending order by passing 0 as a value.

Locaton filtering

To filter the locations, you can use the parameters in the table below. Case insensitive.

GET /api/locations/?character={text}

Parameter	Description
/?name={text}	Filter the results by location name. It can be any length and case insensitive.
/?character={text}	Filter the results by character. It can be any length and case insensitive.
/?created={timeframe}	Filter the results by when they were created. Options: today, yesterday, week, month & year.

Note: You can combine filtering parameters with ordering parameters. Just keep in mind that if you filter by any of these fields above and want to use the ordering parameters, you will always need to pass longitude, latitude and radius altogether. Additionally, if you need to use ascending parameter for ordering, this parameter can't be passed without longitude, latitude and radius as well.

Update a location

To update a location, you will need to pass the {id} of locations to the URL and make a PUT method request with the parameters in the table below.

PUT /api/locations/{id}

{
    "id": 1,
    "name": "Los Pollos Hermanos",
    "longitude": 35.065442792232716,
    "latitude": -106.6444840309555,
    "created": "2023-02-09T22:04:32.441106Z",
    "character": {
        "id": 2,
        "name": "Tuco Salamanca",
        "occupation": "Grandpa Keeper",
        "date_of_birth": "1975",
        "suspect": true
    }
}

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Parameter	Description
name	String value for the name of the location.
longitude	Float value for the longitude of the location.
latitude	Float value for the latitude of the location.