Python：操作系统模块简介

操作系统模块

• 为了导入我们使用的操作系统模块

import os

• 打印方法/函数中的所有可用选项

import os

print(dir(os))

• 打印我们使用的当前工作目录

import os

print(os.getcwd())

• 打印我们使用的目录位置

import os
path='/home/user/'

# printing path before changing directory
print(os.getcwd())

# function used for changing directory
os.chdir(path)

# printing path after changing directory
print(os.getcwd())

# to list directories
print(os.listdir())

• 创建一个没有任何中间目录的单一目录

import os

# this wont create intermediate directories
os.makedir('single_dir')

print(os.listdir())

• 使用中间目录创建多个目录

import os

# this will create intermediate directories
os.makedirs('parent_dir/child_dir')

print(os.listdir())

• 删除单个目录

import os

# this wont remove intermediate directories
os.rmdir('path')

print(os.listdir())

• 删除多个目录

import os

# this will remove intermediate directories
os.removedirs('path1/path2')

print(os.listdir())

• 重命名目录

import os

# this will remove intermediate directories
os.rename('old-name','new-name')

print(os.listdir())

• 要打印有关操作系统的信息，我们使用 os.stat() 函数

import os
import datetime from datetime

# this will remove intermediate directories
print(os.stat('file-name'))

# Example : to print when file was created 
file_created = os.stat('file-name').st_mtime
print(datetime.fromtimestamp(file_created))

• 列出有关目录和子目录的信息

import os

path = os.chdir('path')

# Example : to print all the files under that above path 
for dirpath, dirname, filename in os.walk():
    print('Current Path:',dirpath)
    print('Directories:',dirname)
    print('filename:',filename)
    print()

• 打印环境变量

import os

# to print Environment variable home
print(os.environ.get('HOME'))

• 为了与路径交互，我们使用 os.path 模块

• 路径模块示例
  

import os 

# to check if given path exists or not 
print(os.path.exists('/home/user1/text.txt'))

# to check if given path is a directory or file
print(os.path.isdir('/home/user2/demo'))
print(os.path.isfilek('/home/user2/demo'))

# to split filname name from extenstion we use
print(os.path.splitext('/home/demo1/book.txt'))

# to print basename of any file we use
print(os.path.basename('/home/demo1/book.txt'))
# to print the directory name we use
print(os.path.dirname('/home/demo1/book.txt'))
# to print both, dirname + basename we use
print(os.path.split('/home/demo1/book.txt'))

# to join paths we use
file_path = os.path.join(os.environ.get('HOME'),'test.txt')
print(file_path)

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