公钥密码学：数字握手，Go Crypto 5-Golang-PHP中文网

Public-Key Cryptography: The Digital Handshake, Go Crypto 5

嘿，加密货币探索者！准备好进入公钥密码学的迷人世界了吗？将其视为您可以在公共场合进行的秘密握手的数字形式。听起来不可能？让我们分解一下，看看 Go 如何帮助我们实现这个加密魔术！

RSA：公钥加密货币的鼻祖

首先，我们有 RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman)。它就像公钥系统的睿智老祖父 - 已经存在了很多年并且仍然很强大。

RSA 密钥生成：您的数字身份

让我们从创建 RSA 密钥开始：

import (
    "crypto/rand"
    "crypto/rsa"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    // Let's make a 2048-bit key. It's like choosing a really long password!
    privateKey, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)
    if err != nil {
        panic("Oops! Our key generator is feeling shy today.")
    }

    publicKey := &privateKey.PublicKey

    fmt.Println("Tada! We've got our keys. Keep the private one secret!")
    fmt.Printf("Private Key: %v\n", privateKey)
    fmt.Printf("Public Key: %v\n", publicKey)
}

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RSA加解密：传递密文

现在，让我们使用这些密钥发送秘密消息：

import (
    "crypto/rand"
    "crypto/rsa"
    "crypto/sha256"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    privateKey, _ := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)
    publicKey := &privateKey.PublicKey

    secretMessage := []byte("RSA is like a magic envelope!")

    // Encryption - Sealing our magic envelope
    ciphertext, err := rsa.EncryptOAEP(
        sha256.New(),
        rand.Reader,
        publicKey,
        secretMessage,
        nil,
    )
    if err != nil {
        panic("Our magic envelope got stuck!")
    }

    fmt.Printf("Our secret message, encrypted: %x\n", ciphertext)

    // Decryption - Opening our magic envelope
    plaintext, err := rsa.DecryptOAEP(
        sha256.New(),
        rand.Reader,
        privateKey,
        ciphertext,
        nil,
    )
    if err != nil {
        panic("Uh-oh, we can't open our own envelope!")
    }

    fmt.Printf("Decrypted message: %s\n", plaintext)
}

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RSA 签名和验证：您的数字签名

RSA 不仅仅适用于秘密消息。它还可以创建数字签名：

import (
    "crypto"
    "crypto/rand"
    "crypto/rsa"
    "crypto/sha256"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    privateKey, _ := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)
    publicKey := &privateKey.PublicKey

    message := []byte("I solemnly swear that I am up to no good.")
    hash := sha256.Sum256(message)

    // Signing - Like signing a digital contract
    signature, err := rsa.SignPKCS1v15(rand.Reader, privateKey, crypto.SHA256, hash[:])
    if err != nil {
        panic("Our digital pen ran out of ink!")
    }

    fmt.Printf("Our digital signature: %x\n", signature)

    // Verification - Checking if the signature is genuine
    err = rsa.VerifyPKCS1v15(publicKey, crypto.SHA256, hash[:], signature)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Uh-oh, this signature looks fishy!")
    } else {
        fmt.Println("Signature checks out. Mischief managed!")
    }
}

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椭圆曲线密码学 (ECC)：区块链上的新星

现在，我们来谈谈 ECC。它就像 RSA 更酷、更高效的表弟。它通过更小的密钥提供类似的安全性，这对于移动和物联网设备来说非常有用。

ECDSA 密钥生成：您的椭圆身份

让我们创建 ECC 密钥：

import (
    "crypto/ecdsa"
    "crypto/elliptic"
    "crypto/rand"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    privateKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
    if err != nil {
        panic("Our elliptic curve generator took a wrong turn!")
    }

    publicKey := &privateKey.PublicKey

    fmt.Println("Voila! Our elliptic curve keys are ready.")
    fmt.Printf("Private Key: %v\n", privateKey)
    fmt.Printf("Public Key: %v\n", publicKey)
}

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ECDSA 签名和验证：曲线签名

现在，让我们用椭圆键签署一些内容：

import (
    "crypto/ecdsa"
    "crypto/elliptic"
    "crypto/rand"
    "crypto/sha256"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    privateKey, _ := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
    publicKey := &privateKey.PublicKey

    message := []byte("Elliptic curves are mathematically delicious!")
    hash := sha256.Sum256(message)

    // Signing - Like signing with a very curvy pen
    r, s, err := ecdsa.Sign(rand.Reader, privateKey, hash[:])
    if err != nil {
        panic("Our curvy signature got a bit too curvy!")
    }

    fmt.Printf("Our elliptic signature: (r=%x, s=%x)\n", r, s)

    // Verification - Checking if our curvy signature is legit
    valid := ecdsa.Verify(publicKey, hash[:], r, s)
    fmt.Printf("Is our curvy signature valid? %v\n", valid)
}

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密钥管理：确保您的数字身份安全

现在，我们来谈谈如何保证这些密钥的安全。这就像拥有一把非常重要的钥匙，打开一扇非常重要的门 - 您希望保证它的安全！

import (
    "crypto/rand"
    "crypto/rsa"
    "crypto/x509"
    "encoding/pem"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    privateKey, _ := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)

    // Encoding our private key - Like putting it in a special envelope
    privateKeyBytes := x509.MarshalPKCS1PrivateKey(privateKey)
    privateKeyPEM := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
        Type:  "RSA PRIVATE KEY",
        Bytes: privateKeyBytes,
    })

    fmt.Printf("Our key in its special envelope:\n%s\n", privateKeyPEM)

    // Decoding our private key - Taking it out of the envelope
    block, _ := pem.Decode(privateKeyPEM)
    decodedPrivateKey, err := x509.ParsePKCS1PrivateKey(block.Bytes)
    if err != nil {
        panic("We forgot how to open our own envelope!")
    }

    fmt.Printf("Our key, safe and sound: %v\n", decodedPrivateKey)
}

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