TypeScript 的类型系统很强大,但它的错误消息有时可能很神秘且难以理解。在本文中,我们将探索一种使用不可构造类型来创建清晰的、描述性的编译时异常的模式。这种方法通过使无效状态无法用有用的错误消息来表示来帮助防止运行时错误。
首先,我们来分解一下核心模式:
// Create a unique symbol for our type exception declare const TypeException: unique symbol; // Basic type definitions type Struct = Record<string, any>; type Funct<T, R> = (arg: T) => R; type Types<T> = keyof T & string; type Sanitize<T> = T extends string ? T : never; // The core pattern for type-level exceptions export type Unbox<T extends Struct> = { [Type in Types<T>]: T[Type] extends Funct<any, infer Ret> ? (arg: Ret) => any : T[Type] extends Struct ? { [TypeException]: `Variant <${Sanitize<Type>}> is of type <Union>. Migrate logic to <None> variant to capture <${Sanitize<Type>}> types.`; } : (value: T[Type]) => any; };
以下示例展示了如何将此模式与变体类型一起使用:
type DataVariant = | { type: 'text'; content: string } | { type: 'number'; value: number } | { type: 'complex'; nested: { data: string } }; type VariantHandler = Unbox<{ text: (content: string) => void; number: (value: number) => void; complex: { // This will trigger our custom error [TypeException]: `Variant <complex> is of type <Union>. Migrate logic to <None> variant to capture <complex> types.` }; }>; // This will show our custom error at compile time const invalidHandler: VariantHandler = { text: (content) => console.log(content), number: (value) => console.log(value), complex: (nested) => console.log(nested) // Error: Type has unconstructable signature };
这是一个更复杂的示例,展示了如何将模式与递归类型一起使用:
type TreeNode<T> = { value: T; children?: TreeNode<T>[]; }; type TreeHandler<T> = Unbox<{ leaf: (value: T) => void; node: TreeNode<T> extends Struct ? { [TypeException]: `Cannot directly handle node type. Use leaf handler for individual values.`; } : never; }>; // Usage example - will show custom error const invalidTreeHandler: TreeHandler<string> = { leaf: (value) => console.log(value), node: (node) => console.log(node) // Error: Cannot directly handle node type };
以下是我们如何使用该模式来强制执行有效的类型状态转换:
type LoadingState<T> = { idle: null; loading: null; error: Error; success: T; }; type StateHandler<T> = Unbox<{ idle: () => void; loading: () => void; error: (error: Error) => void; success: (data: T) => void; // Prevent direct access to state object state: LoadingState<T> extends Struct ? { [TypeException]: `Cannot access state directly. Use individual handlers for each state.`; } : never; }>; // This will trigger our custom error const invalidStateHandler: StateHandler<string> = { idle: () => {}, loading: () => {}, error: (e) => console.error(e), success: (data) => console.log(data), state: (state) => {} // Error: Cannot access state directly };
此模式在以下情况下特别有用:
让我们分解一下该模式的内部工作原理:
// Create a unique symbol for our type exception declare const TypeException: unique symbol; // Basic type definitions type Struct = Record<string, any>; type Funct<T, R> = (arg: T) => R; type Types<T> = keyof T & string; type Sanitize<T> = T extends string ? T : never; // The core pattern for type-level exceptions export type Unbox<T extends Struct> = { [Type in Types<T>]: T[Type] extends Funct<any, infer Ret> ? (arg: Ret) => any : T[Type] extends Struct ? { [TypeException]: `Variant <${Sanitize<Type>}> is of type <Union>. Migrate logic to <None> variant to capture <${Sanitize<Type>}> types.`; } : (value: T[Type]) => any; };
使用带有自定义错误消息的不可构造类型是创建自文档类型约束的强大模式。它利用 TypeScript 的类型系统在编译时提供清晰的指导,帮助开发人员在问题成为运行时问题之前捕获并修复问题。
在构建某些组合无效的复杂类型系统时,此模式特别有价值。通过使无效状态不可表示并提供清晰的错误消息,我们可以创建更易于维护且对开发人员友好的 TypeScript 代码。
以上是使用不可构造类型的 TypeScript 中的丰富编译时异常的详细内容。更多信息请关注PHP中文网其他相关文章!