C 语言中的图像到 ASCII 艺术转换
将位图图像转换为 ASCII 艺术涉及使用等宽字体并保持过程简单。有两种主要方法：
基于像素/区域强度：
此方法将每个像素或像素区域视为单个点。它计算点的平均灰度强度，并将其替换为强度最接近的字符。
字符拟合（混合）：
此方法尝试替换区域（字符形状）具有相似强度和形状的字符。它会带来更好的结果，但由于计算而速度较慢。
详细实现：
基于像素/区域强度：
将图像划分为灰度像素或矩形区域（点）。计算每个点的强度。将其替换为强度最接近的字符映射（预先计算的强度）中的字符。
示例字符映射：" .,:;ox%#@&"
强度计算：
<code class="C++">i = p[x+x+x+0]; i += p[x+x+x+1]; i += p[x+x+x+2]; i = (i*l)/768; s += m[l-i];</code>
其中：
字符拟合：
将图像划分为与字符长宽比相同的矩形区域。将字符区域划分为多个区域并计算每个区域的强度。在地图中查找强度和形状最接近的字符。
使用较大字体时，这种方法会带来最佳、视觉上最令人愉悦的结果。
代码示例：
<code class="C++">class intensity
{
public:
char c; // Character
int il, ir, iu ,id, ic; // Intensity of part: left,right,up,down,center
intensity() { c=0; reset(); }
void reset() { il=0; ir=0; iu=0; id=0; ic=0; }
void compute(DWORD **p,int xs,int ys,int xx,int yy) // p source image, (xs,ys) area size, (xx,yy) area position
{
int x0 = xs>>2, y0 = ys>>2;
int x1 = xs-x0, y1 = ys-y0;
int x, y, i;
reset();
for (y=0; y<ys; y++)
for (x=0; x<xs; x++)
{
i = (p[yy+y][xx+x] & 255);
if (x<=x0) il+=i;
if (x>=x1) ir+=i;
if (y<=x0) iu+=i;
if (y>=x1) id+=i;
if ((x>=x0) && (x<=x1) &&
(y>=y0) && (y<=y1))
ic+=i;
}
// Normalize
i = xs*ys;
il = (il << 8)/i;
ir = (ir << 8)/i;
iu = (iu << 8)/i;
id = (id << 8)/i;
ic = (ic << 8)/i;
}
};
AnsiString bmp2txt_big(Graphics::TBitmap *bmp,TFont *font) // Character sized areas
{
int i, i0, d, d0;
int xs, ys, xf, yf, x, xx, y, yy;
DWORD **p = NULL,**q = NULL; // Bitmap direct pixel access
Graphics::TBitmap *tmp; // Temporary bitmap for single character
AnsiString txt = ""; // Output ASCII art text
AnsiString eol = "\r\n"; // End of line sequence
intensity map[97]; // Character map
intensity gfx;
// Input image size
xs = bmp->Width;
ys = bmp->Height;
// Output font size
xf = font->Size; if (xf<0) xf =- xf;
yf = font->Height; if (yf<0) yf =- yf;
for (;;) // Loop to simplify the dynamic allocation error handling
{
// Allocate and initialise buffers
tmp = new Graphics::TBitmap;
if (tmp==NULL)
break;
// Allow 32 bit pixel access as DWORD/int pointer
tmp->HandleType = bmDIB; bmp->HandleType = bmDIB;
tmp->PixelFormat = pf32bit; bmp->PixelFormat = pf32bit;
// Copy target font properties to tmp
tmp->Canvas->Font->Assign(font);
tmp->SetSize(xf, yf);
tmp->Canvas->Font ->Color = clBlack;
tmp->Canvas->Pen ->Color = clWhite;
tmp->Canvas->Brush->Color = clWhite;
xf = tmp->Width;
yf = tmp->Height;
// Direct pixel access to bitmaps
p = new DWORD*[ys];
if (p == NULL) break;
for (y=0; y<ys; y++)
p[y] = (DWORD*)bmp->ScanLine[y];
q = new DWORD*[yf];
if (q == NULL) break;
for (y=0; y<yf; y++)
q[y] = (DWORD*)tmp->ScanLine[y];
// Create character map
for (x=0, d=32; d<128; d++, x++)
{
map[x].c = char(DWORD(d));
// Clear tmp
tmp->Canvas->FillRect(TRect(0, 0, xf, yf));
// Render tested character to tmp
tmp->Canvas->TextOutA(0, 0, map[x].c);
// Compute intensity
map[x].compute(q, xf, yf, 0, 0);
}
map[x].c = 0;
// Loop through the image by zoomed character size step
xf -= xf/3; // Characters are usually overlapping by 1/3
xs -= xs % xf;
ys -= ys % yf;
for (y=0; y<ys; y+=yf, txt += eol)
for (x=0; x<xs; x+=xf)
{
// Compute intensity
gfx.compute(p, xf, yf, x, y);
// Find the closest match in map[]
i0 = 0; d0 = -1;
for (i=0; map[i].c; i++)
{
d = abs(map[i].il-gfx.il) +
abs(map[i].ir-gfx.ir) +
abs(map[i].iu-gfx.iu) +
abs(map[i].id-gfx.id) +
abs(map[i].ic-gfx.ic);
if ((d0<0)||(d0>d)) {
d0=d; i0=i;
}
}
// Add fitted character to output
txt += map[i0].c;
}
break;
}
// Free buffers
if (tmp) delete tmp;
if (p ) delete[] p;
return txt;
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