构建乐观更新的数据表-js教程-PHP中文网

介绍

今天，我将分享如何使用现代 React 模式构建一个精美的食品数据库管理系统。我们将专注于创建一个具有无缝乐观更新的响应式数据表，将 TanStack Query（以前称为 React Query）的强大功能与 Mantine 的组件库相结合。

项目概况

要求

在数据表中显示食品
添加新项目并立即反馈
优雅地处理加载和错误状态
提供流畅的乐观更新

技术堆栈

TanStack 查询：服务器状态管理
Mantine UI：组件库和表单管理
Mantine React Table：高级表功能
Wretch：干净的 API 调用
TypeScript：类型安全

实施指南

1. 设立基金会

首先，让我们定义我们的类型和 API 配置：

// Types
export type GetAllFoods = {
  id: number;
  name: string;
  category: string;
};

export type CreateNewFoodType = Pick<
  GetAllFoods,
  | 'name'
  | 'category'
>;

// API Configuration
export const API = wretch('<http://localhost:9999>').options({
  credentials: 'include',
  mode: 'cors',
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    Accept: 'application/json',
  },
});

// TANSTACK QUERY 
export const getFoodOptions = () => {
  return queryOptions({
    queryKey: ['all-foods'],
    queryFn: async () => {
      try {
        return await API.get('/foods')
          .unauthorized(() => {
            console.log('Unauthorized');
          })
          .json<Array<GetAllFoods>>();
      } catch (e) {
        console.log({ e });
        throw e;
      }
    },
  });
};

export const useGetAllFoods = () => {
  return useQuery({
    ...getFoodOptions(),
  });
};

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2. 构建数据表

使用 Mantine React Table 的表格组件：

const FoodsView = () => {
  const { data } = useGetAllFoods();

  const columns = useMemo<MRT_ColumnDef<GetAllFoods>[]>(
    () => [
      {
        accessorKey: 'id',
        header: 'ID',
      },
      {
        accessorKey: 'name',
        header: 'Name',
      },
      {
        accessorKey: 'category',
        header: 'Category',
      },
      // ... other columns
    ],
    []
  );

  const table = useMantineReactTable({
    columns,
    data: data ?? [],
    // Optimistic update animation
    mantineTableBodyCellProps: ({ row }) => ({
      style: row.original.id < 0 ? {
        animation: 'shimmer-and-pulse 2s infinite',
        background: `linear-gradient(
          110deg,
          transparent 33%,
          rgba(83, 109, 254, 0.2) 50%,
          transparent 67%
        )`,
        backgroundSize: '200% 100%',
        position: 'relative',
      } : undefined,
    }),
  });

  return <MantineReactTable table={table} />;
};

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3. 创建表单

用于添加新食物的表单组件：

const CreateNewFood = () => {
  const { mutate } = useCreateNewFood();

  const formInputs = [
    { name: 'name', type: 'text' },
    { name: 'category', type: 'text' },
  ];

  const form = useForm<CreateNewFoodType>({
    initialValues: {
      name: '',
      category: '',
      // ... other fields
    },
  });

  return (
    <Box mt="md">
      <form onSubmit={form.onSubmit((data) => mutate(data))}>
        <Flex direction="column" gap="xs">
          {formInputs.map((input) => (
            <TextInput
              key={input.name}
              {...form.getInputProps(input.name)}
              label={input.name}
              tt="uppercase"
              type={input.type}
            />
          ))}
          <Button type="submit" mt="md">
            Create New
          </Button>
        </Flex>
      </form>
    </Box>
  );
};

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4. 实施乐观更新

我们实现的核心 - TanStack 查询突变与乐观更新：

export const useCreateNewFood = () => {
  const queryClient = useQueryClient();

  return useMutation({
    mutationKey: ['create-new-food'],
    mutationFn: async (data: CreateNewFoodType) => {
      await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 3000)); // Demo delay
      return API.url('/foods').post(data).json<GetAllFoods>();
    },
    onMutate: async (newFood) => {
      // Cancel in-flight queries
      await queryClient.cancelQueries({ queryKey: ['all-foods'] });

      // Snapshot current state
      const previousFoods = queryClient.getQueryData<GetAllFoods[]>(['all-foods']);

      // Create optimistic entry
      const optimisticFood: GetAllFoods = {
        id: -Math.random(),
        ...newFood,
        verified: false,
        createdBy: 0,
        createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
        updatedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
      };

      // Update cache optimistically
      queryClient.setQueryData(['all-foods'], (old) =>
        old ? [...old, optimisticFood] : [optimisticFood]
      );

      return { previousFoods };
    },
    onError: (err, _, context) => {
      // Rollback on error
      if (context?.previousFoods) {
        queryClient.setQueryData(['all-foods'], context.previousFoods);
      }
    },
    onSettled: () => {
      // Refetch to ensure consistency
      queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['all-foods'] });
    },
  });
};

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5. 动画风格

动画将我们乐观的更新带入生活：

@keyframes shimmer-and-pulse {
  0% {
    background-position: 200% 0;
    transform: scale(1);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(83, 109, 254, 0.2);
  }
  50% {
    background-position: -200% 0;
    transform: scale(1.02);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 10px rgba(83, 109, 254, 0);
  }
  100% {
    background-position: 200% 0;
    transform: scale(1);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(83, 109, 254, 0);
  }
}

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