如何在 Java 中使用 HttpClient 进行 HTTP 基本身份验证？

使用 Java 中的 HttpClient 进行 HTTP 基本身份验证

在本文中，我们将探讨如何使用 Java 中的 HttpClient 库执行 HTTP 基本身份验证。 HTTP 基本身份验证是一种简单且广泛使用的身份验证机制，允许客户端提供其凭据（用户名和密码）来访问受保护的资源。

HttpClient 3.0

您提到在使用 HttpClient 3.0 时遇到 500 内部服务器错误。以下是应该可以使用的代码的修改版本：

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        try {

            HttpClient client = new HttpClient();

            client.getParams().setAuthenticationPreemptive(true); // Add this line

            client.getState().setCredentials(
                    new AuthScope("ipaddress", 443, "realm"),
                    new UsernamePasswordCredentials("test1", "test1")
                    );

            PostMethod post = new PostMethod(
                    "http://address/test/login");

            post.setDoAuthentication( true );

            try {
                int status = client.executeMethod( post );
                System.out.println(status + "\n" + post.getResponseBodyAsString());
            } finally {
                // release any connection resources used by the method
                post.releaseConnection();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

HttpClient 4.0.1

对于 HttpClient 4.0.1，您可以尝试以下代码：

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        try {
            DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();

            httpclient.getCredentialsProvider().setCredentials(
                    new AuthScope(AuthScope.ANY_HOST, AuthScope.ANY_PORT), 
                    new UsernamePasswordCredentials("test1", "test1"));

            // Add this line
            httpclient.setPreemptiveAuth(true); 

            HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://host:post/test/login");

            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());
            HttpResponse response;
            response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();

            System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
            System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
            if (entity != null) {
                System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
            }
            if (entity != null) {
                entity.consumeContent();
            }

            httpclient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();  
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
}

替代方案解决方案

如果您仍然遇到问题，您可以尝试使用 Apache HttpComponents 库的替代解决方案。这是一个示例：

String encoding = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString((user + ":" + pwd).getBytes());
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://host:post/test/login");
httpPost.setHeader(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION, "Basic " + encoding);

System.out.println("executing request " + httpPost.getRequestLine());
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();

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