编辑距离是两个字符串之间相似性的度量。它可用于在数据库中查找相似术语,这对于自动完成和拼写检查等任务非常有用。
在 MySQL 中查找相似术语的一种方法是使用 levenshtein() 函数。该函数将两个字符串作为输入并返回它们之间的编辑距离。以下 PHP 代码演示了如何使用 levenshtein() 函数在数据库中查找相似术语:
$word = strtolower($_GET['term']); $lev = 0; $q = mysql_query("SELECT `term` FROM `words`"); while($r = mysql_fetch_assoc($q)) { $r['term'] = strtolower($r['term']); $lev = levenshtein($word, $r['term']); if($lev >= 0 && $lev < 5) { $word = $r['term']; } }
但是,如果数据库中存在大量术语,则此方法可能效率低下,例如它需要对每个术语进行单独的查询。为了提高效率,可以使用单个查询来查找与输入术语在一定编辑距离内的所有术语。
为此,您需要使用 MySQL 函数来计算编辑距离。可以使用以下 MySQL 函数:
CREATE FUNCTION levenshtein(s1 VARCHAR(255), s2 VARCHAR(255)) RETURNS INT BEGIN DECLARE s1_len INT, s2_len INT, i INT, j INT, c INT, d INT; SET s1_len = LENGTH(s1), s2_len = LENGTH(s2), i = 0, j = 0, c = 0, d = 0; IF s1_len = 0 THEN RETURN s2_len; ELSEIF s2_len = 0 THEN RETURN s1_len; END IF; DECLARE cost_matrix INT[][] DEFAULT (SELECT * FROM ( SELECT a.i_col, b.j_row, IF(a.i_col = 0, b.j_row, IF(b.j_row = 0, a.i_col, IF(SUBSTR(s1, a.i_col, 1) = SUBSTR(s2, b.j_row, 1), 0, 1))) AS cost FROM ( SELECT 1 AS i_col UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9 UNION ALL SELECT 10 UNION ALL SELECT 11 UNION ALL SELECT 12 UNION ALL SELECT 13 UNION ALL SELECT 14 UNION ALL SELECT 15 ) AS a CROSS JOIN ( SELECT 1 AS j_row UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9 UNION ALL SELECT 10 UNION ALL SELECT 11 UNION ALL SELECT 12 UNION ALL SELECT 13 UNION ALL SELECT 14 UNION ALL SELECT 15 ) AS b ) AS subquery); WHILE i < s1_len DO SET i = i + 1; SET cost_matrix[i][0] = i; END WHILE; WHILE j < s2_len DO SET j = j + 1; SET cost_matrix[0][j] = j; END WHILE; WHILE i <= s1_len DO WHILE j <= s2_len DO IF SUBSTR(s1, i, 1) = SUBSTR(s2, j, 1) THEN SET c = 0; ELSE SET c = 1; END IF; SET d = cost_matrix[i-1][j] + 1; IF j > 0 THEN SET d = LEAST(d, cost_matrix[i][j-1] + 1); END IF; IF i > 0 THEN SET d = LEAST(d, cost_matrix[i-1][j-1] + c); END IF; SET cost_matrix[i][j] = d; SET j = j + 1; END WHILE; SET j = 0; SET i = i + 1; END WHILE; RETURN cost_matrix[s1_len][s2_len]; END;
创建此函数后,您可以使用它通过单个查询在数据库中查找相似术语。以下查询查找单词表中与输入术语的编辑距离在 4 以内的所有术语:
$word = mysql_real_escape_string($word); mysql_qery("SELECT `term` FROM `words` WHERE levenshtein('$word', `term`) BETWEEN 0 AND 4");
此查询将返回与输入术语的编辑距离在 4 以内的所有术语的列表输入项,按编辑距离升序排序。
以上是如何使用 Levenshtein 距离在 MySQL 数据库中有效地查找相似术语?的详细内容。更多信息请关注PHP中文网其他相关文章!