PHP 会话表单处理初学者指南-php教程-PHP中文网

Beginner

如果您是 PHP 新手，并且想了解如何处理表单和使用会话数据，本指南适合您。我们将构建一个简单的项目，用户可以在其中提交表单、在会话中保存数据、查看数据以及稍后删除数据。在本教程结束时，您将了解 PHP 表单处理、验证、清理和会话的基础知识。

PHP 中的表单处理是什么？

表单处理是指捕获通过 HTML 表单提交的数据并使用 PHP 等服务器端语言进行处理的过程。这包括：

获取表单数据：使用GET或POST等方法。
验证数据：确保输入符合特定标准。
清理数据：清理输入以防止 XSS 攻击等安全问题。
存储或处理数据：将其保存在会话、数据库中，或将其显示给用户。

PHP 中的会话是什么？

会话是为单个用户跨多个页面存储信息（变量）的一种方式。与 cookie 不同，会话数据存储在服务器上，使其更加安全。要在 PHP 中开始使用会话，我们使用 session_start() 函数。

项目：带有会话处理的 PHP 表单

我们的项目涉及以下功能：

用户填写个人信息表格。
提交的数据经过验证和清理。
有效数据存储在会话中。
用户可以查看或删除会话数据。

文件结构

这是我们项目的结构：

project-folder/
│
├── index.php           # Form page
├── submit.php          # Form handling and session storage
├── view_session.php    # Viewing session data
├── delete_session.php  # Deleting session data

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第 1 步：创建表单 (index.php)

index.php 文件包含一个简单的 HTML 表单，用户可以在其中输入详细信息。代码如下：

<?php session_start(); ?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>PHP Form with Session Handling</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Submit Your Information</h1>
    <!-- Form Section for User Input -->
    <form method="get" action="submit.php">
        <label for="name">Name:</label><br>
        <input type="text">




<hr>

<h3>
  
  
  Step 2: Handling Form Submission (submit.php)
</h3>

<p>This file processes the submitted form data, validates it, and stores it in a session. Here's the code:<br>
</p>

<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><?php
session_start();

// Initialize error messages and data variables
$error_name = "";
$error_age = "";
$error_email = "";
$error_website = "";
$name = $age = $email = $website = $gender = $comments = $hobbies = "";

// Sanitize and validate the form data
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "GET") {
    // Sanitize inputs
    $name = htmlspecialchars(trim($_GET['name']));
    $age = htmlspecialchars(trim($_GET['age']));
    $email = htmlspecialchars(trim($_GET['email']));
    $website = htmlspecialchars(trim($_GET['website']));
    $gender = isset($_GET['gender']) ? $_GET['gender'] : 'No gender selected.';
    $hobbies = isset($_GET['hobbies']) ? $_GET['hobbies'] : ['No hobby selected.'];
    $comments = htmlspecialchars(trim($_GET['comments']));

    // Validation checks
    if (empty($name)) {
        $error_name = "Name is required.";
    }

    if (empty($age) || !filter_var($age, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT) || $age <= 0) {
        $error_age = "Valid age is required.";
    }

    if (empty($email) || !filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
        $error_email = "Valid email is required.";
    }

    if (empty($website) || !filter_var($website, FILTER_VALIDATE_URL)) {
        $error_website = "Valid website URL is required.";
    }

    // If no errors, store data in session
    if (empty($error_name) && empty($error_age) && empty($error_email) && empty($error_website)) {
        // Store data in session
        $_SESSION['name'] = $name;
        $_SESSION['age'] = $age;
        $_SESSION['email'] = $email;
        $_SESSION['website'] = $website;
        $_SESSION['gender'] = $gender;
        $_SESSION['hobbies'] = implode(", ", $hobbies);
        $_SESSION['comments'] = $comments;
    }
}
?>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Form Submission Result</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Form Submission Result</h1>

    <!-- Show Errors if any -->
    <?php
    if ($error_name) {
        echo "<p>




<hr>

<h3>
  
  
  Step 3: Viewing Session Data (view_session.php)
</h3>

<p>This file displays session data stored on the server.<br>
</p>

<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><?php session_start(); ?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>View Session Data</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>View Stored Session Data</h1>

    <?php
    if (isset($_SESSION['name'])) {
        echo "<p><strong>Name:</strong> " . $_SESSION['name'] . "</p>";
        echo "<p><strong>Age:</strong> " . $_SESSION['age'] . "</p>";
        echo "<p><strong>Email:</strong> " . $_SESSION['email'] . "</p>";
        echo "<p><strong>Website:</strong> <a href='" . $_SESSION['website'] . "' target='_blank'>" . $_SESSION['website'] . "</a></p>";
        echo "<p><strong>Gender:</strong> " . $_SESSION['gender'] . "</p>";
        echo "<p><strong>Hobbies:</strong> " . $_SESSION['hobbies'] . "</p>";
        echo "<p><strong>Comments:</strong> " . $_SESSION['comments'] . "</p>";
    } else {
        echo "<p>No session data found!</p>";
    }
    ?>

    <br><br>
    <a href="index.php">Go Back</a>
</body>
</html>

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步骤 4：删除会话数据 (delete_session.php)

此文件会破坏会话数据。

<?php
session_start();
session_unset(); // Remove all session variables
session_destroy(); // Destroy the session
?>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Session Deleted</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Session Data Deleted</h1>
    <p>All session data has been deleted successfully.</p>
    <br><br>
    <a href="index.php">Go Back</a>
</body>
</html>

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