想象一个类定义如下:
@Something(someProperty = "some value") public class Foobar { //... }
该类已编译且无法修改。但是,我们希望在运行时动态更改“someProperty”的值。这是否可行,如果可行,如何实现?
要在运行时修改注释的值,我们可以利用反射和动态代理。以下代码片段演示了此方法:
public static Object changeAnnotationValue(Annotation annotation, String key, Object newValue){ Object handler = Proxy.getInvocationHandler(annotation); Field f; try { f = handler.getClass().getDeclaredField("memberValues"); } catch (NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) { throw new IllegalStateException(e); } f.setAccessible(true); Map<String, Object> memberValues; try { memberValues = (Map<String, Object>) f.get(handler); } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException e) { throw new IllegalStateException(e); } Object oldValue = memberValues.get(key); if (oldValue == null || oldValue.getClass() != newValue.getClass()) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(); } memberValues.put(key,newValue); return oldValue; }
此方法可用于各种场景。例如,这是一个涉及不同注释类型的示例:
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target(ElementType.TYPE) public @interface ClassAnnotation { String value() default ""; } @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target(ElementType.FIELD) public @interface FieldAnnotation { String value() default ""; } @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target(ElementType.METHOD) public @interface MethodAnnotation { String value() default ""; } @ClassAnnotation("class test") public static class TestClass{ @FieldAnnotation("field test") public Object field; @MethodAnnotation("method test") public void method(){ } }
通过此设置,我们可以动态修改注释值:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { final ClassAnnotation classAnnotation = TestClass.class.getAnnotation(ClassAnnotation.class); System.out.println("old ClassAnnotation = " + classAnnotation.value()); changeAnnotationValue(classAnnotation, "value", "another class annotation value"); System.out.println("modified ClassAnnotation = " + classAnnotation.value()); Field field = TestClass.class.getField("field"); final FieldAnnotation fieldAnnotation = field.getAnnotation(FieldAnnotation.class); System.out.println("old FieldAnnotation = " + fieldAnnotation.value()); changeAnnotationValue(fieldAnnotation, "value", "another field annotation value"); System.out.println("modified FieldAnnotation = " + fieldAnnotation.value()); Method method = TestClass.class.getMethod("method"); final MethodAnnotation methodAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(MethodAnnotation.class); System.out.println("old MethodAnnotation = " + methodAnnotation.value()); changeAnnotationValue(methodAnnotation, "value", "another method annotation value"); System.out.println("modified MethodAnnotation = " + methodAnnotation.value()); }
此代码演示了更改值的能力在运行时与类、字段和方法关联的注释。
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