GraphQL 与 REST 是 API 开发的两个重要范例，每个范例都有独特的特征。虽然 REST（表述性状态传输）多年来一直是标准，但 Facebook 于 2015 年推出的 GraphQL 因其灵活性和效率而受到关注。以下是详细的比较，以帮助您了解它们的差异以及何时选择它们。
什么是休息？
REST 是一种用于设计网络应用程序的架构风格。它依赖于无状态通信，通常使用 HTTP 方法（GET、POST、PUT、DELETE）对资源执行操作。
主要特点：
什么是 GraphQL？
GraphQL 是一种 API 查询语言和运行时，允许客户端仅请求他们需要的数据。
主要特点：
比较表：GraphQL 与 REST
| Feature | GraphQL | REST |
|---|---|---|
| Data Fetching | Fetches only the requested fields, reducing over-fetching and under-fetching. | Can over-fetch (extra data) or under-fetch (insufficient data) due to fixed endpoints. |
| Endpoint Design | Single endpoint for all queries and mutations. | Multiple endpoints, each corresponding to a resource or action. |
| Flexibility | High flexibility; clients define query structure. | Less flexible; endpoint and response structures are fixed by the server. |
| Learning Curve | Steeper, as it requires understanding schema design and query language. | Easier to learn due to simpler HTTP methods and endpoint-based operations. |
| Batching | Allows batching of multiple queries in one request. | Requires multiple requests for different resources or nested data. |
| Versioning | No need for versioning; schema evolves using deprecation. | Requires managing versions (e.g., /v1/resource, /v2/resource). |
| Performance | Can reduce requests but may increase query complexity on the server. | Simpler server implementation; performance depends on endpoint granularity. |
| Caching | Requires custom caching strategies due to single endpoint. | Utilizes HTTP caching (e.g., ETag, Last-Modified). |
| Real-Time Updates | Supports subscriptions for real-time data. | REST alone lacks built-in support; often relies on WebSockets or other implementations. |
GraphQL 的优点和缺点
优点：
缺点：
休息的优点和缺点
优点：
缺点：
何时使用 GraphQL？
何时使用休息？
结论
在 GraphQL 和 REST 之间进行选择取决于您的项目需求。 REST 仍然是简单且基于资源的 API 的可靠选择，而 GraphQL 在具有复杂数据需求的动态、客户端驱动的环境中表现出色。两种范式可以共存，许多项目都采用混合模型来充分利用每种范式的优势。
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