如何在 AJAX Post 响应中触发文件下载？

在 AJAX Post 响应中处理文件下载

设计 AJAX 应用程序时，通常会处理各种响应类型，包括 JSON 和潜在的文件附件。根据 Content-Type 和 Content-Disposition 标头检测响应类型非常简单。然而，触发下载对话框可能会带来挑战。

幸运的是，现代浏览器通过 FileAPI 提供了解决方案。以下代码片段演示了如何在 AJAX post 请求中实现文件下载：

// Using native XMLHttpRequest
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('POST', url, true);
xhr.responseType = 'blob';
xhr.onload = function () {
  if (this.status === 200) {
    // Retrieve the blob and filename from the response
    var blob = this.response;
    var filename = "";
    var disposition = xhr.getResponseHeader('Content-Disposition');
    if (disposition && disposition.indexOf('attachment') !== -1) {
      filenameRegex = /filename[^;=\n]*=((['"])).*?|[^;\n]*)/;
      matches = filenameRegex.exec(disposition);
      if (matches != null && matches[1]) filename = matches[1].replace(/['"]/g, '');
    }
    // Manage file download based on browser capabilities
    if (typeof window.navigator.msSaveBlob !== 'undefined') {
      // IE workaround for a known issue
      window.navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, filename);
    } else {
      var URL = window.URL || window.webkitURL;
      var downloadUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
      var a = document.createElement("a");
      if (a.download !== 'undefined') {
        a.href = downloadUrl;
        a.download = filename;
        document.body.appendChild(a);
        a.click();
      } else {
        window.location.href = downloadUrl;
      }
      setTimeout(function() { URL.revokeObjectURL(downloadUrl); }, 100); // cleanup
    }
  }
};
xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
xhr.send($.param(params, true));

如果使用 jQuery.ajax：

$.ajax({
  type: "POST",
  url: url,
  data: params,
  xhrFields: {
    responseType: 'blob' // to avoid binary data being mangled on charset conversion
  },
  success: function(blob, status, xhr) {
    // Retrieve the blob and filename from the response
    var filename = "";
    var disposition = xhr.getResponseHeader('Content-Disposition');
    if (disposition && disposition.indexOf('attachment') !== -1) {
      filenameRegex = /filename[^;=\n]*=((['"])).*?|[^;\n]*)/;
      matches = filenameRegex.exec(disposition);
      if (matches != null && matches[1]) filename = matches[1].replace(/['"]/g, '');
    }
    // Manage file download based on browser capabilities
    if (typeof window.navigator.msSaveBlob !== 'undefined') {
      // IE workaround for a known issue
      window.navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, filename);
    } else {
      var URL = window.URL || window.webkitURL;
      var downloadUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
      var a = document.createElement("a");
      if (a.download !== 'undefined') {
        a.href = downloadUrl;
        a.download = filename;
        document.body.appendChild(a);
        a.click();
      } else {
        window.location.href = downloadUrl;
      }
      setTimeout(function() { URL.revokeObjectURL(downloadUrl); }, 100); // cleanup
    }
  }
});

通过结合这些技术，您可以确保您的 AJAX post 请求可以无缝处理文件附件并触发客户端的下载对话框。

以上是如何在 AJAX Post 响应中触发文件下载？的详细内容。更多信息请关注PHP中文网其他相关文章！