这是一个结构化的2 个月学习计划，用于掌握 Node.js、Express.js 和基本的后端开发技能。该计划假设周一至周五，每天3-4小时。通过坚持这个时间表，您将打下坚实的基础，同时逐步提高您的技能。
第 1 周：Node.js 基础知识
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目标：了解 Node.js 和 JavaScript 的基础知识。
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时间奉献：〜3小时/天
| Day |
Topics |
Practice Tasks |
| Monday |
Introduction to Node.js: What it is and how it works. Install Node.js. |
Write a simple “Hello World” program in Node.js. Explore REPL and the Node.js runtime. |
| Tuesday |
Core Modules: fs, path, os, events, http. |
Create a file system reader and a simple HTTP server. |
| Wednesday |
JavaScript Review: ES6 features (arrow functions, promises, destructuring, etc.). |
Convert callbacks to promises. Practice with async/await. |
| Thursday |
NPM Basics: Learn about package.json, installing packages, and using npm scripts. |
Initialize a project, install and use a library like Lodash. |
| Friday |
Event Loop and Asynchronous Programming. |
Build a simple program to demonstrate non-blocking I/O with callbacks and promises. |
第 2 周：Express.js 基础知识
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目标：学习使用 Express.js 创建 API。
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时间奉献：〜3小时/天
| Day |
Topics |
Practice Tasks |
| Monday |
Introduction to Express.js and setting up a basic server. |
Create a server that responds to GET and POST requests. |
| Tuesday |
Routing: Learn dynamic routing and route parameters. |
Create routes for a simple CRUD app (e.g., managing tasks). |
| Wednesday |
Middleware: Understand built-in, third-party, and custom middleware. |
Implement logging middleware and error-handling middleware. |
| Thursday |
Serving Static Files and Templates. |
Serve an HTML/CSS page using Express. Explore template engines like EJS or Pug. |
| Friday |
RESTful API Basics: HTTP methods, status codes, and CRUD operations. |
Create a RESTful API for a basic resource like users or products. |
第 3 周：数据库（PostgreSQL 和 MongoDB 基础知识）
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目标：学习将数据库与 Node.js 集成。
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时间奉献：〜3小时/天
| Day |
Topics |
Practice Tasks |
| Monday |
PostgreSQL: Setting up, SQL basics (CREATE, READ, UPDATE, DELETE). |
Connect a Node.js app to PostgreSQL using pg module. |
| Tuesday |
Advanced SQL: Joins, indexes, and relationships. |
Build a schema with foreign keys and practice joins. |
| Wednesday |
MongoDB Basics: NoSQL concepts, CRUD operations. |
Use MongoDB with Node.js through mongoose or mongodb library. |
| Thursday |
Database Integration: Using PostgreSQL or MongoDB with Express. |
Add database functionality to your CRUD app from Week 2. |
| Friday |
Error Handling and Validation. |
Handle database errors and validate user input in your app. |
第 4 周：身份验证和高级 API 概念
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目标：保护您的应用程序并优化您的 API。
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时间奉献：〜3小时/天
| Day |
Topics |
Practice Tasks |
| Monday |
User Authentication Basics (JWT and Session-based). |
Implement user login and signup routes using JWT. |
| Tuesday |
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) and Middleware for Authorization. |
Add role-based permissions to your app. |
| Wednesday |
Advanced API Features: Pagination, filtering, and sorting. |
Add pagination to your CRUD API. |
| Thursday |
Rate Limiting and Security Best Practices. |
Use libraries like express-rate-limit and helmet to secure your app. |
| Friday |
Testing APIs: Tools like Postman and automated tests with Jest or Mocha. |
Write basic unit tests for your API endpoints. |
第 5-6 周：构建一个完整的项目
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目标：构建并部署具有数据库、身份验证和 API 的全栈应用程序。
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时间奉献：〜4小时/天
| Week |
Topics |
Practice Tasks |
| Week 5 |
Plan and build the backend for a project (e.g., task management app, blog platform). |
Design API endpoints, database schema, and implement features incrementally. |
| Week 6 |
Add advanced features like caching, real-time updates, and deploy to Heroku or AWS. |
Use Redis for caching, WebSockets for real-time features, and deploy the app online. |
第 7 周：高级后端主题
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目标：学习性能优化、消息队列和可扩展架构。
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时间奉献：〜3小时/天
| Day |
Topics |
Practice Tasks |
| Monday |
Caching and Performance Optimization (Redis, CDN, etc.). |
Implement Redis caching for frequent queries. |
| Tuesday |
WebSockets: Real-time communication with Socket.IO. |
Add real-time chat or notifications to your app. |
| Wednesday |
Message Queues: Asynchronous processing with Kafka or RabbitMQ. |
Implement a message queue for handling background tasks. |
| Thursday |
Scaling: Load balancers, horizontal scaling, and database sharding. |
Research scaling strategies and prepare for potential scalability issues. |
| Friday |
Error Logging and Monitoring (e.g., Winston, Sentry). |
Set up logging and error tracking in your app. |
第 8 周：审查、部署和完善
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目标：巩固知识，完善项目，为工作做好准备。
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时间奉献：〜4小时/天
| Day |
Topics |
Practice Tasks |
| Monday |
Code Review: Refactor and optimize your project. |
Review code for readability, performance, and scalability. |
| Tuesday |
Documentation: Write API documentation (Swagger or Postman). |
Create a detailed API reference for your project. |
| Wednesday |
Deployment: Deploy your app to a live server (Heroku, AWS, or Vercel). |
Test your app on a production environment. |
| Thursday |
Resume Building and Portfolio Creation. |
Add your project to GitHub and showcase it in your portfolio. |
| Friday |
Final Practice: Debugging, testing, and performance tuning. |
Identify and resolve any lingering issues in your project. |
总时间投入
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每天的小时数：3-4小时（周一至周五）。
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每周工作时间：15-20 小时。
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超过 8 周的总时间：约 120-160 小时。
该计划提供了一种结构化而灵活的方法来掌握 Node.js 和 Express.js 的后端开发，同时集成互补的技能。如果您在特定的一周内需要更多资源或帮助，请告诉我！
以上是掌握 Node.js、Express.js 和基本后端开发技能的第三个学习计划的详细内容。更多信息请关注PHP中文网其他相关文章！
