如何在.NET中使用CreateJobObject和SetInformationJobObject来管理进程和控制资源？

如何在 .NET 中通过 P/Invoke 使用 CreateJobObject 和 SetInformationJobObject

CreateJobObject 和 SetInformationJobObject 是 Win32 函数，允许您操作作业对象。作业对象是一种管理进程组并控制其资源的机制。它们可用于创建各种效果，例如防止进程相互终止或限制其对资源的访问。

要在 .NET 中将 CreateJobObject 和 SetInformationJobObject 与 P/Invoke 一起使用，您需要声明以下函数和结构：

[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
static extern IntPtr CreateJobObject(IntPtr a, string lpName);

[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
static extern bool SetInformationJobObject(IntPtr hJob, JobObjectInfoType infoType, IntPtr lpJobObjectInfo, UInt32 cbJobObjectInfoLength);

[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern bool AssignProcessToJobObject(IntPtr job, IntPtr process);

[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject);

private IntPtr handle;
private bool disposed;

CreateJobObject 函数创建一个新的作业对象。 SetInformationJobObject 函数设置作业对象的信息。 AssignProcessToJobObject 函数将进程分配给作业对象。 CloseHandle 函数关闭作业对象的句柄。

以下代码示例向您展示如何使用这些函数创建作业对象、设置其信息并为其分配进程：

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace JobManagement
{
    public class Job : IDisposable
    {
        public Job()
        {
            handle = CreateJobObject(IntPtr.Zero, null);

            var info = new JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION
            {
                LimitFlags = 0x2000
            };

            var extendedInfo = new JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION
            {
                BasicLimitInformation = info
            };

            int length = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION));
            IntPtr extendedInfoPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(length);
            Marshal.StructureToPtr(extendedInfo, extendedInfoPtr, false);

            if (!SetInformationJobObject(handle, JobObjectInfoType.ExtendedLimitInformation, extendedInfoPtr, (uint)length))
                throw new Exception(string.Format("Unable to set information.  Error: {0}", Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()));
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            Dispose(true);
            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
        }

        private void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (disposed)
                return;

            if (disposing) { }

            Close();
            disposed = true;
        }

        public void Close()
        {
            CloseHandle(handle);
            handle = IntPtr.Zero;
        }

        public bool AddProcess(IntPtr processHandle)
        {
            return AssignProcessToJobObject(handle, processHandle);
        }

        public bool AddProcess(int processId)
        {
            return AddProcess(Process.GetProcessById(processId).Handle);
        }

    }

    #region Helper classes

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    struct IO_COUNTERS
    {
        public UInt64 ReadOperationCount;
        public UInt64 WriteOperationCount;
        public UInt64 OtherOperationCount;
        public UInt64 ReadTransferCount;
        public UInt64 WriteTransferCount;
        public UInt64 OtherTransferCount;
    }


    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    struct JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION
    {
        public Int64 PerProcessUserTimeLimit;
        public Int64 PerJobUserTimeLimit;
        public UInt32 LimitFlags;
        public UIntPtr MinimumWorkingSetSize;
        public UIntPtr MaximumWorkingSetSize;
        public UInt32 ActiveProcessLimit;
        public UIntPtr Affinity;
        public UInt32 PriorityClass;
        public UInt32 SchedulingClass;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
    {
        public UInt32 nLength;
        public IntPtr lpSecurityDescriptor;
        public Int32 bInheritHandle;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    struct JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION
    {
        public JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION BasicLimitInformation;
        public IO_COUNTERS IoInfo;
        public UIntPtr ProcessMemoryLimit;
        public UIntPtr JobMemoryLimit;
        public UIntPtr PeakProcessMemoryUsed;
        public UIntPtr PeakJobMemoryUsed;
    }

    public enum JobObjectInfoType
    {
        AssociateCompletionPortInformation = 7,
        BasicLimitInformation = 2,
        BasicUIRestrictions = 4,
        EndOfJobTimeInformation = 6,
        ExtendedLimitInformation = 9,
        SecurityLimitInformation = 5,
        GroupInformation = 11
    }

    #endregion

}

此代码示例创建一个作业对象，设置其信息以防止进程相互终止，并将当前进程分配给该作业对象。

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