处理 SQL 查询中不明确的列名
通过连接从多个表中检索数据时,可能会遇到指示列不明确的错误消息姓名。当两个或多个连接表中存在相同的列名时,就会发生这种情况,使查询解释器不确定要引用哪个表。
例如,在提供的查询中,InvoiceLineItems 和 Invoices 都包含名为的列发票ID。在查询中检索 InvoiceID 时,SQL Server 会混淆从哪个表检索数据。
要解决这种歧义,您必须为引用的每个列指定表名称。在这种情况下,您可以按如下方式更新查询:
SELECT VendorName, Invoices.InvoiceID, InvoiceSequence, InvoiceLineItemAmount FROM Vendors JOIN Invoices ON (Vendors.VendorID = Invoices.VendorID) JOIN InvoiceLineItems ON (Invoices.InvoiceID = InvoiceLineItems.InvoiceID) WHERE Invoices.InvoiceID IN (SELECT InvoiceSequence FROM InvoiceLineItems WHERE InvoiceSequence > 1) ORDER BY VendorName, Invoices.InvoiceID, InvoiceSequence, InvoiceLineItemAmount
通过指定 Invoices.InvoiceID,您明确告诉 SQL Server 您想要从 Invoices 表中检索 InvoiceID 值。这消除了歧义并允许查询正确执行。
或者,您可以使用表别名为每个表分配唯一标识符。例如,您可以将 Invoices 别名为 Inv,将 InvoiceLineItems 别名为 ILI,并相应地更新查询:
SELECT VendorName, Inv.InvoiceID, InvoiceSequence, InvoiceLineItemAmount FROM Vendors AS V JOIN Invoices AS Inv ON (V.VendorID = Inv.VendorID) JOIN InvoiceLineItems AS ILI ON (Inv.InvoiceID = ILI.InvoiceID) WHERE Inv.InvoiceID IN (SELECT InvoiceSequence FROM ILI WHERE InvoiceSequence > 1) ORDER BY VendorName, Inv.InvoiceID, InvoiceSequence, InvoiceLineItemAmount
使用表别名提供了另一种方法来解决列名歧义并确保查询返回正确的结果。
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