创建装饰器
编写一个装饰器函数,它接受另一个函数,称为“包装”函数,作为参数:
def my_decorator(func): # Code to execute before calling the wrapped function print("Before the function runs") # Call the wrapped function and store its return value result = func() # Code to execute after calling the wrapped function print("After the function runs") # Return the result of the wrapped function return result # Example of a decorator in action @my_decorator def say_hello(): print("Hello, world!")
链接装饰器
使用 @ 运算符将多个装饰器应用到同一个函数:
@my_decorator @another_decorator def chained_function(): print("This function is doubly decorated")
带参数的装饰器
允许装饰器接受参数:
def decorator_with_arg(arg1, arg2): def decorator(func): # Use the decorator arguments to modify the wrapped function's behavior func.arg1 = arg1 func.arg2 = arg2 return func # Example of a decorator with arguments @decorator_with_arg("foo", "bar") def my_function(): print("Args:", my_function.arg1, my_function.arg2)
类方法的装饰器
为类中的方法使用装饰器:
class MyClass: @classmethod def my_class_method(cls): print("This is a class method")
练习:装饰装饰器
创建一个装饰器,使任何其他装饰器接受参数:
def decorator_with_args(decorator_to_enhance): def decorator_maker(*args, **kwargs): def decorator_wrapper(func): # Wrap the original decorator and pass the arguments return decorator_to_enhance(func, *args, **kwargs) return decorator_wrapper # Example of a decorated decorator @decorator_with_args def decorated_decorator(func, *args, **kwargs): print("Args:", args, kwargs) return func @decorated_decorator(10, 20, name="John") def my_function(): print("Decorated function")
最佳实践
示例使用
使用用于以下任务的装饰器:
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