*对 SELECT 查询中的“ORA-00918:列定义不明确”进行故障排除**
对包含同名列的多个连接表运行 SELECT *
查询时,通常会出现错误“ORA-00918:列定义不明确”。 当多个表共享列名时,Oracle 数据库引擎无法确定您要检索哪一列。
说明性示例和解决方案
考虑这个 SQL 查询:
<code class="language-sql">SELECT * FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(coaches.id), people.*, users.*, coaches.* FROM COACHES INNER JOIN people ON people.id = coaches.person_id INNER JOIN users ON coaches.person_id = users.person_id LEFT OUTER JOIN organizations_users ON organizations_users.user_id = users.id ) WHERE rownum <= 25</code>
此查询会产生错误,因为多个表(coaches
、people
、users
)包含名为“id”的列。
要纠正此问题,请避免使用 SELECT *
。相反,明确指定您需要的列:
方法一:直接选择列
此方法直接通过完全限定名称(table.column)选择所需的列:
<code class="language-sql">SELECT coaches.id, people.name, users.username, coaches.title FROM COACHES INNER JOIN people ON people.id = coaches.person_id INNER JOIN users ON coaches.person_id = users.person_id LEFT OUTER JOIN organizations_users ON organizations_users.user_id = users.id WHERE rownum <= 25</code>
方法 2:使用列别名
这种方法为具有重复名称的列分配唯一的别名。 这使得所选列明确:
<code class="language-sql">SELECT coaches.id AS coach_id, people.name AS person_name, users.username AS user_username, coaches.title AS coach_title FROM COACHES INNER JOIN people ON people.id = coaches.person_id INNER JOIN users ON coaches.person_id = users.person_id LEFT OUTER JOIN organizations_users ON organizations_users.user_id = users.id WHERE rownum <= 25</code>
通过使用这两种方法之一,可以消除歧义,并且查询将成功执行。 在涉及连接的查询中,始终优先选择显式列选择而不是 SELECT *
,以防止这种常见错误并提高查询的可读性和可维护性。
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