序列化包含字典成员的类
尝试序列化包含字典成员的类(例如配置文件类)时,可能会遇到以下错误:
<code>System.NotSupportedException: 无法序列化成员 App.Configfile.mappedDrives</code>
此错误表示默认情况下,Dictionary 类型无法直接序列化。要解决此问题,请考虑实现自定义序列化机制。
自定义字典序列化
一种方法是创建一个自定义类,该类继承自 Dictionary<TKey, TValue>
并实现 IXmlSerializable
接口。以下代码片段演示了这种实现:
<code class="language-csharp">using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Xml.Serialization; [XmlRoot("dictionary")] public class SerializableDictionary<TKey, TValue> : Dictionary<TKey, TValue>, IXmlSerializable { public void ReadXml(System.Xml.XmlReader reader) { XmlSerializer keySerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(TKey)); XmlSerializer valueSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(TValue)); bool wasEmpty = reader.IsEmptyElement; reader.Read(); if (wasEmpty) return; while (reader.NodeType != System.Xml.XmlNodeType.EndElement) { reader.ReadStartElement("item"); reader.ReadStartElement("key"); TKey key = (TKey)keySerializer.Deserialize(reader); reader.ReadEndElement(); reader.ReadStartElement("value"); TValue value = (TValue)valueSerializer.Deserialize(reader); reader.ReadEndElement(); this.Add(key, value); reader.ReadEndElement(); reader.MoveToContent(); } reader.ReadEndElement(); } public void WriteXml(System.Xml.XmlWriter writer) { XmlSerializer keySerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(TKey)); XmlSerializer valueSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(TValue)); foreach (TKey key in this.Keys) { writer.WriteStartElement("item"); writer.WriteStartElement("key"); keySerializer.Serialize(writer, key); writer.WriteEndElement(); writer.WriteStartElement("value"); TValue value = this[key]; valueSerializer.Serialize(writer, value); writer.WriteEndElement(); writer.WriteEndElement(); } } }</code>
通过实现 IXmlSerializable
,自定义字典可以参与 XML 序列化。
用法
定义自定义字典后,可以将其用于在配置文件类中存储所需的键值对:
<code class="language-csharp">public class ConfigFile { ... public SerializableDictionary<string, string> mappedDrives = new SerializableDictionary<string, string>(); ... }</code>
通过这种方法,可以序列化和反序列化配置文件类,而不会遇到序列化错误。
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