MMDEBSTRAP的故障排除指南：解决常见问题

> mmdebstrap是一种以最小和高效的方式创建基于Debian的系统图像（root Filesystems）的工具。它旨在简单，快速且轻巧，非常适合为容器，虚拟机或嵌入式系统创建小型，定制的系统图像。如果您经常使用MMDEBSTRAP创建最小的基于Debian的系统，则本指南将帮助您进行故障排除并修复您可能会遇到的最常见问题。

1。无法创建 /dev /null：权限拒绝

问题：

解决方案：
• 为什么这样做：
  2。缺少gpg工具（找不到gpgv）
问题：
• >解决方案：
  • >为什么这样做：
  3。存储库验证错误
• 问题：
  • 解决方案：
  • >为什么起作用：
4。网络在chroot
• 问题中发出问题：
  • >解决方案：
  • >为什么它可以工作：
• 5。缺少必需软件包
  • 问题：
  • 解决方案：
  • >为什么它可以工作：
• • 6。使用后卸载 /dev
  • 问题：
  >解决方案：
• 7。将mmdebstrap与-include
  • >问题：
解决方案：
• • 8。测试后清理
  问题：
• 解决方案：
  9。自动化该过程（可选）
问题：
• 解决方案：

结论

Hit:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm InRelease
Hit:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates InRelease
0% [Connecting to security.debian.org (2a04:4e42:400::644)]/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
E: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Err:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm InRelease      
  gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
0% [Waiting for headers]/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
E: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Err:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates InRelease
  gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Hit:3 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security InRelease
0% [Working]/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
E: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Err:3 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security InRelease
  gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.
W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm InRelease: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates InRelease: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security InRelease: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
W: Failed to fetch http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/bookworm/InRelease  gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
W: Failed to fetch http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/bookworm-updates/InRelease  gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
W: Failed to fetch http://security.debian.org/debian-security/dists/bookworm-security/InRelease  gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

> 1。无法创建 /dev /null：许可拒绝

>

问题：

>

当运行命令在chroot内部运行时，您会看到类似的错误，例如：

sudo mount --bind /dev /path/to/chroot/dev

sudo mount --bind /dev ~/debian-chroot/dev/

解决方案：

gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed

替换/path/path/to/chroot to/chroot与您的Chroot所在的目录。

>

sudo chroot /path/to/chroot apt update
sudo chroot /path/to/chroot apt install -y gpgv

example

example

：

：

：

The repository is not signed. Updating from such a repository can't be done securely.

2。缺少GPG工具（找不到GPGV）

>

问题：

>在运行APT更新时，您会看到错误：解决方案： 在chroot：3。存储库验证错误问题：>运行APT UPDATE时，您会看到类似于： 解决方案：>>此错误发生，因为gpgv nist丢失或存储键不信任。请按照以下步骤：

1. 安装gpgv（请参见上面的解决方案2）。
2. >更新软件包列表：

Hit:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm InRelease
Hit:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates InRelease
0% [Connecting to security.debian.org (2a04:4e42:400::644)]/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
E: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Err:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm InRelease      
  gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
0% [Waiting for headers]/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
E: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Err:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates InRelease
  gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Hit:3 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security InRelease
0% [Working]/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/bin/apt-key: 95: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
E: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Err:3 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security InRelease
  gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.
W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm InRelease: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates InRelease: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security InRelease: gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
W: Failed to fetch http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/bookworm/InRelease  gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
W: Failed to fetch http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/bookworm-updates/InRelease  gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
W: Failed to fetch http://security.debian.org/debian-security/dists/bookworm-security/InRelease  gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

>为什么此功能：

gpgv是需要验证包装真实性的。没有它，APT将无法安全地更新软件包列表。

4。 CHROOT

sudo mount --bind /dev /path/to/chroot/dev

问题中的网络问题：

命令如APT更新而因网络错误而失败，例如：

sudo mount --bind /dev ~/debian-chroot/dev/

解决方案：

CHROOT环境可能无法访问主机的网络配置。要解决此问题，请将主机的DNS设置复制到Chroot：

>为什么起作用：

resolv.conf文件包含DNS设置。从主机复制它可确保Chroot可以解析域名。

5。

>缺少必需软件包

问题：

gpgv, gpgv2 or gpgv1 required for verification, but neither seems installed

> ls或bash之类的基本命令在chroot内部不起作用。

>

解决方案：

安装基本的coreutils and bash and bash and bash and bash and bash：

sudo chroot /path/to/chroot apt update
sudo chroot /path/to/chroot apt install -y gpgv

问题：

>在使用chroot后，您忘记卸下 /dev，离开主机的 /dev目录。状态。

7。在创建chroot。

解决方案之后，使用mmdebstrap与-include

问题：

The repository is not signed. Updating from such a repository can't be done securely.

>问题：

您经常需要安装相同的软件包（例如gpgv，gnupg）。在创建过程中要安装的其他软件包，节省了时间和精力。

8。在测试后清理

问题：> 解决方案：

   sudo chroot /path/to/chroot apt update

始终删除Chroot Directory the Chroot Directory，当您完成时：

Temporary failure resolving 'deb.debian.org'

清洁。

9。自动化过程（可选）

sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf /path/to/chroot/etc/resolv.conf

问题：

>您经常创建和测试chroots并想要自动化过程。例如：

>将此脚本保存为mmdebstrap-test.sh，使其可使用CHMOD x mmdebstrap-test.sh使其可执行，然后运行它： mmdebstrap是一种强大的工具，可以创建最小的系统，但要拖到最小的系统。通过遵循此故障排除指南，您可以快速解决常见问题并重新开始工作。记住：

>
1. >
安装 /开机在Chroot内部。
2. >安装gpgv用于包装验证。
3. >
>如果需要，请复制主机的DNS设置。
4. >
>

>

> 在测试后清理以释放磁盘空间以释放磁盘空间。

以上是MMDEBSTRAP的故障排除指南：解决常见问题的详细内容。更多信息请关注PHP中文网其他相关文章！