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文档结构

文档声明

文档头部

文档主体

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HTML骨架结构_html/css_WEB-ITnose

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Jun 24, 2016 am 11:32 AM

文档结构

　　一个完整的HTML文档必须包含3个部分：文档声明、文档头部和文档主体。

　　【最简单的文档结构】

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title>Document</title></head><body></body></html>

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　　【复杂的文档结构】

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>    <meta charset="utf-8"/>    <title>Document</title>    <meta name="keywords" content=""/>    <meta name="description" content=""/>    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/>    <link rel="stylesheet" href="5/style.css"/>    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="ico.ico"/></head><body></body></html>

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文档声明

　　告诉浏览器以哪个标准来解析HTML文档

　　　　[注意]必须首行、顶格，对大小写不敏感

　　【HTML版本】

版本年份

HTML	1991
HTML+	1993
HTML 2.0	1995
HTML 3.2	1996
HTML 4.01	1999
XHTML 1.0	2000
HTML5	2014

　　【常用声明】

　　【1】HTML5

<!DOCTYPE html>

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　　【2】在HTML5之前，文档声明一般有三种类型：严格型strict、过渡型transitional、框架frameset

　　　　【a】HTML4.01

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">        <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">

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　　　　【b】XHTML1.0

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">        <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">

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　　　　【c】XHTML1.1 等同于XHTML1.0 Strict

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">

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文档头部

　　描述了文档的一些基本的属性和信息（可以呈现的是title和icon）

【1】文档标题</p> <p> 　　　　【作用】<br /> 　　　　　　【a】定义浏览器工具栏中的标题<br /> 　　　　　　【b】提供页面被添加到收藏夹时显示的标题<br /> 　　　　　　【c】显示在搜索引擎结果中的页面标题</p> <p>　　　　　　　　[注意]在所有HTML文档中，<title>都是必须的</p> <p> </p> <p>　　　【2】base标签</p> <p> 　　　　　为页面上所有链接规定默认地址和默认打开方式</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><base href="http://baidu.com" target="_blank"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> </p> <p>　　</p> <p>　　【3】link标签</p> <p>　　　　【a】引入图标</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><link rel="shortcut icon" href="ico.ico"/></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> </p> <p>　　　　【b】引入外部CSS样式表 </p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css" /></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> </p> <p> </p> <p>　　【4】style标签和script标签</p> <p>　　　　【a】引入内部CSS样式</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><style>　　body{background-color: red;}</style></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> </p> <p>　　　　【b】引入javascript </p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>document.onclick = function(){　　alert('hello world;')}</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> </p> <p> </p> <p>　　【5】meta标签</p> <p>　　　　【a】字符编码，文档的编码一定要与文件本身的编码保持一致，否则会出现乱码，推荐使用UTF-8编码</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta charset="utf-8"/></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> </p> <p>　　　　【b】SEO常用到的关键词keywords和描述description</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="description" content="Free Web tutorials on HTML, CSS, JavaScript" /><meta name="keywords" content="HTML, CSS, XML" /></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> </p> <p>　　　　【c】作者、版权</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="author" content="littlematch"><meta name="copyright" content=""></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> </p> <p>　　　　【d】定时跳转(让网页多少秒刷新，或跳转到其他网页)</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5"><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5;url=http://www.baidu.com"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> </p> <p>　　　　【e】期限(指定网页在缓存中的过期时间)</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta http-equiv="Expires" Content="0"><meta http-equiv="Expires" Content="Sat Nov 28 2015 21:19:15 GMT+0800"> </pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> </p> <p>　　　　【f】缓存</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta http-equiv="Pragma" Content="No-cach">(禁止缓存，访问者无法脱机浏览)</pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> </p> <p>　　　　【g】cookie</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta http-equiv="Set-Cookie" Content="cookievalue=xxx; expires=Sat Nov 28 2015 21:19:15 GMT+0800; path=/"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> </p> <p>　　　　【h】viewport:视口，移动端常用</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" /></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> </p> <p> </p> <h2 id="文档主体-body">文档主体<body></h2> <p>　　真正可以在页面上看到的内容</p> <p> 　　【常用标签】</p> <p class="sycode"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><h1><h2><h3><h4><h5><h6><p><a><img alt="HTML骨架结构_html/css_WEB-ITnose" ><strong><em><br><hr><ul><ol><li><dl><dt><dd><section><header><footer><nav><article><aside><time><table><thead><tbody><caption><tr><th><td><form><input><textarea><button><select><option><label></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div> </p> <p> 　　　[注意]在HTML5标准下，哪些标签可以使用，哪些标签不可以使用，请移步HTML元素和有效的DTD</p> <p> </p> <p class="sycode"></p> <p class="sycode"></p> <p class="sycode"> </p> <p class="sycode"></p> <p class="sycode"></p> <p class="sycode"> </p> <p class="sycode"></p> <p class="sycode"></p> </div> </div> <div class="wzconShengming_sp"> <div class="bzsmdiv_sp">本站声明</div> <div>本文内容由网友自发贡献，版权归原作者所有，本站不承担相应法律责任。如您发现有涉嫌抄袭侵权的内容，请联系admin@php.cn</div> </div> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-format="autorelaxed" data-ad-client="ca-pub-5902227090019525" data-ad-slot="2507867629"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); 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