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GD库使用小结---2,gd小结---2_PHP教程

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发布: 2016-07-13 09:55:22
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GD库使用小结---2,gd小结---2

  接着上一篇。GD库可以折腾很多用法出来,当然得跟画图相关,除了前面的验证码、水印外,还可以进行图片的缩放,裁剪、旋转等操作,这在很多应用中可以见到。

  1. 加水印

  前面已经知道,我们可以使用imagechar或者imagestring等将字符或字符串(甚至中文字符)绘制到图像上,以达到水印的目的,还有个更好的方式,不仅能加字符水印,还能加图片水印:imagecopy。

  原型:bool imagecopy (resource $dst_im , resource $src_im , int $dst_x , int $dst_y , int $src_x , int $src_y , int $src_w , int $src_h),看名字知道这是复制,第1、2个参数分别是目标图像句柄、源文件句柄,加水印时,如果水印图片是一张小图,加在一张大图上面,那么第一个参数就是大图句柄,第二个参数就是小图句柄。第3、4个参数是水印在目标图像上的x、y坐标值,第5、6个参数是水印图片上开始的x、y坐标值,第7、8个参数是水印图片即将要作为水印的宽和高,因此这个方法的意思就是,将水印图像src_im上左上角顶点坐标为(src_x, src_y)处,宽和高分别为src_w、src_h的部分复制到图像dst_im上,再将这个dst_im图像画到画布上保存或输出,即为加过水印后的图片了,代码:

<?<span>php
    
    date_default_timezone_set(</span>'Asia/Shanghai'<span>);
    </span><span>define</span>('DS',<span> DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
    </span><span>//</span><span> 加水印,文字、图片水印,以图片为例</span>
    <span>function</span> watermark(<span>$srcFile</span> = '',  <span>$markFile</span> = '', <span>$dstFile</span> = ''<span>)
    {
        </span><span>if</span>(!<span>file_exists</span>(<span>$srcFile</span>) || !<span>file_exists</span>(<span>$markFile</span><span>))
        {
            </span><span>echo</span> 'file not exists!<br/>'<span>;
            </span><span>return</span> <span>false</span><span>;
        }
        </span><span>//</span><span> 获取原始图片与水印图片的宽高</span>
        <span>list</span>(<span>$srcWidth</span>, <span>$srcHeight</span>) = <span>getimagesize</span>(<span>$srcFile</span><span>);
        </span><span>list</span>(<span>$markWidth</span>, <span>$markHeight</span>) = <span>getimagesize</span>(<span>$markFile</span><span>);
        </span><span>//</span><span> 水印图片不能比原始图片像素还大</span>
        <span>if</span>(<span>$markWidth</span> > <span>$srcWidth</span> || <span>$markHeight</span> > <span>$srcHeight</span><span>)
        {
            </span><span>return</span> <span>false</span><span>;
        }
        </span><span>//</span><span> 获取即将被加水印的原始图片句柄、水印图片句柄</span>
        <span>$dstImg</span> = imagecreatefromjpeg(<span>$srcFile</span><span>);
        </span><span>$markImg</span> = imagecreatefrompng(<span>$markFile</span><span>);
        </span><span>//</span><span> 加水印的位置,简单放在右下角</span>
        <span>$dst_x</span> = <span>$srcWidth</span> - <span>$markWidth</span><span>;
        </span><span>$dst_y</span> = <span>$srcHeight</span> - <span>$markHeight</span><span>;
        </span><span>//</span><span> 获取文件信息</span>
        <span>$fileinfo</span> = <span>pathinfo</span>(<span>$srcFile</span><span>);
        </span><span>if</span>(<span>empty</span>(<span>$dstFile</span><span>))
        {
            </span><span>$dstFile</span> = <span>rtrim</span>(<span>$fileinfo</span>['dirname'], DS).DS.'mark_'.<span>$fileinfo</span>['filename'].<span>date</span>('YmdHis').<span>mt_rand</span>(1, 1000).'.jpeg'<span>;
        }
        </span><span>//</span><span> 将水印图片复制到已有图片上</span>
        imagecopy(<span>$dstImg</span>, <span>$markImg</span>, <span>$dst_x</span>, <span>$dst_y</span>, 0, 0, <span>$srcWidth</span>, <span>$srcHeight</span><span>);
        </span><span>//</span><span> 将新加完水印的图片保存起来</span>
        imagejpeg(<span>$dstImg</span>, <span>$dstFile</span><span>);
        imagedestroy(</span><span>$dstImg</span><span>);
        imagedestroy(</span><span>$markImg</span><span>);
        </span><span>return</span> <span>true</span><span>;
    }
    
    </span><span>$srcFile</span> = 'G:\wamp\www\html\image\p125.jpg';  <span>//</span><span> 原图片</span>
    <span>$markFile</span> = 'G:\wamp\www\html\image\ooopic_5.png'; <span>//</span><span> 水印图片</span>
    watermark(<span>$srcFile</span>, <span>$markFile</span>);
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  效果:      

在这里,简单将水印图片放在图片右下角,所以放在图片的右下角要一个简单的计算,调用imagecopy时,从水印图片的左上角顶点(坐标0,0)开始全部(宽高传入水印图片宽高)复制到待加水印图片上,然后imagejpeg绘制图像并保存,注意类似imagejpeg(这里简单使用它)等绘图函数传入第二个参数时是保存图片为一个文件,而不是输出到浏览器,所以也不需调header函数发送头信息。

  当然还要搞清楚哪是源文件(src),哪是目标文件(dst),把一张小图加水印到一张大图上时,源文件是小图水印,把它复制到大图上,大图就是目标。

  能用图片作为水印,在于imagecopy的第二个参数是图像句柄,所以可以从现有图片来创建一个(如imagecreatefromjpeg),当然也能从现有的字符创建一个字符图像句柄变量---使用imagecreatefromstring方法,所以这个更通用。

  2. 图片缩放

  很多应用,图片列表是小图,当你点击某一个时,才会展现完整大图,这涉及到一个图片收缩的处理。有两个方法可供使用:imagecopyresized和imagecopyresampled,几乎一样,不同的是后者对图片进行重采样(貌似是我专业的词),所以成图质量更好(重采样的话也得看采取哪种方法,有的会变得更渣),挑一个说:

  bool imagecopyresampled ( resource $dst_image , resource $src_image , int $dst_x , int $dst_y , int $src_x , int $src_y , int $dst_w , int $dst_h , int $src_w , int $src_h )

  第一、二个参数与上面相似,如何做到缩放?比如这里,是将原图像上左上角顶点处,坐标为(src_x, src_y),宽高为src_w、src_h的部分图片,画到目标图像上坐标为(dst_x, dst_y),宽高为dst_w、dst_h的地方,所以如果目标图片上的宽高比原图上选取部分的宽高小的话,就成了缩小版了,当然还需要两个左上角顶点的坐标值相同,以jpg类型为例:

<?<span>php
    date_default_timezone_set(</span>'Asia/Shanghai'<span>);
    </span><span>define</span>('DS',<span> DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
    </span><span>//</span><span> 缩小图片</span>
    <span>/*</span><span>*
     * @param src 原图像路径
     * @param percent 缩小比例
     * @param dstFile 保存图片的路径
     </span><span>*/</span>
    <span>function</span> zoomPic(<span>$srcFile</span> = '', <span>$percent</span> = 0.5, <span>$dstFile</span> = ''<span>)
    {
        </span><span>if</span>(!<span>file_exists</span>(<span>$srcFile</span><span>))
        {
            </span><span>return</span> <span>false</span><span>;
        }

        </span><span>list</span>(<span>$width</span>, <span>$height</span>) = <span>getimagesize</span>(<span>$srcFile</span>); <span>//</span><span> 获取宽高</span>
        (<span>$percent</span> <= 0 || <span>$percent</span> > 1) && <span>$percent</span> = 0.5<span>;
        </span><span>$newWidth</span> = <span>floor</span>(<span>$width</span> * <span>$percent</span>);    <span>//</span><span> 缩小后的宽高</span>
        <span>$newHeight</span> = <span>floor</span>(<span>$height</span> * <span>$percent</span><span>);
        
        </span><span>$dstImg</span> = imagecreatetruecolor(<span>$newWidth</span>, <span>$newHeight</span>); <span>//</span><span> 创建新图像宽高的画布</span>
        <span>$srcImg</span> = imagecreatefromjpeg(<span>$srcFile</span>);  <span>//</span><span> 从原图像文件创建画布</span>
        
        <span>$pathinfo</span> = <span>pathinfo</span>(<span>$srcFile</span><span>);
        </span><span>if</span>(!<span>$dstFile</span>) <span>$dstFile</span> = <span>rtrim</span>(<span>$pathinfo</span>['dirname'], DS).DS.'zoom_'.<span>$pathinfo</span>['filename'].<span>date</span>('YmdHis').<span>mt_rand</span>(1, 1000).".jpeg"<span>;
        </span><span>//</span><span> 从源文件左上角顶点开始进行缩小
        //imagecopyresized($dstImg, $srcImg, 0, 0, 0, 0, $newWidth, $newHeight, $width, $height); </span>
        imagecopyresampled(<span>$dstImg</span>, <span>$srcImg</span>, 0, 0, 0, 0, <span>$newWidth</span>, <span>$newHeight</span>, <span>$width</span>, <span>$height</span><span>); 
        </span><span>//</span><span> 绘制且保存图像</span>
        imagejpeg(<span>$dstImg</span>, <span>$dstFile</span><span>);
        </span><span>//</span><span> 销毁资源</span>
        imagedestroy(<span>$dstImg</span><span>);
        imagedestroy(</span><span>$srcImg</span><span>);
        </span><span>return</span> <span>true</span><span>;
    }
    </span><span>//</span><span> 测试</span>
    <span>$srcFile</span> = 'G:\wamp\www\html\image\p179.jpg'<span>;
    zoomPic(</span><span>$srcFile</span>);
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  效果:  

  在这里,我们可以将原图与小图分两套存放,列表展示小图,低级查就展示原图。

  3. 图片裁剪

  考虑上面的imagecopyresampled方法,如果不从原图像的左上角开始,而是左上角偏右下某一点开始,切图的宽高也再等于源文件完整的宽高,而是部分宽高,那么新的重采样的图片,就是源图片的一部分,就达到了裁剪的效果,所以裁剪与缩放使用的方法一样

  

<?<span>php
    date_default_timezone_set(</span>'Asia/Shanghai'<span>);
    </span><span>define</span>('DS',<span> DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
    </span><span>//</span><span> cut a picture</span>
    <span>function</span> cutPic(<span>$srcFile</span> = '', <span>$x</span> = 0, <span>$y</span> = 0, <span>$width</span> = 16, <span>$height</span> = 16, <span>$dstFile</span> = ''<span>)
    {
        </span><span>if</span>(!<span>file_exists</span>(<span>$srcFile</span><span>))
        {
            </span><span>return</span> <span>false</span><span>;
        }
        </span><span>list</span>(<span>$srcWidth</span>, <span>$srcHeight</span>, <span>$type</span>) = <span>getimagesize</span>(<span>$srcFile</span><span>);
        </span><span>$x</span> < 0 && <span>$x</span> = 0<span>;
        </span><span>$y</span> < 0 && <span>$y</span> = 0<span>;
        </span><span>//</span><span> 宽高设置</span>
        ((<span>$width</span> + <span>$x</span>) > <span>$srcWidth</span>) && <span>$width</span> = <span>$srcWidth</span><span>; 
        ((</span><span>$height</span> + <span>$y</span>) > <span>$srcHeight</span>) && <span>$height</span> = <span>$srcHeight</span><span>;
        (</span><span>$width</span> <= 0) && <span>$width</span> = <span>$srcWidth</span><span>; 
        (</span><span>$height</span> <= 0) && <span>$height</span> = <span>$srcHeight</span><span>;

        </span><span>$dstImg</span> = imagecreatetruecolor(<span>$width</span>, <span>$height</span>);  <span>//</span><span> 目标文件资源 </span>
        <span>switch</span>(<span>$type</span><span>)
        {
            </span><span>case</span> IMG_GIF:
                <span>$srcImg</span> = imagecreatefromgif(<span>$srcFile</span>);  <span>//</span><span> 获取源文件资源句柄及扩展名处理,以使用合适的函数和扩展</span>
                <span>$ext</span> = 'gif'<span>;
                </span><span>$imagefun</span> = 'imagegif'<span>;
                </span><span>break</span><span>;
            </span><span>case</span> IMG_JPG:
                <span>$srcImg</span> = imagecreatefromjpeg(<span>$srcFile</span><span>);  
                </span><span>$ext</span> = 'jpeg'<span>;
                </span><span>$imagefun</span> = 'imagejpeg'<span>;
                </span><span>break</span><span>;
            </span><span>default</span>:
                <span>$srcImg</span> = imagecreatefrompng(<span>$srcFile</span><span>);  
                </span><span>$ext</span> = 'png'<span>;
                </span><span>$imagefun</span> = 'imagepng'<span>;
                </span><span>break</span><span>;
        }
        </span><span>//</span><span> 设置保存剪切后的文件路径</span>
        <span>$fileinfo</span> = <span>pathinfo</span>(<span>$srcFile</span><span>);
        </span><span>if</span>(<span>empty</span>(<span>$dstFile</span><span>))
        {
            </span><span>$dstFile</span> = <span>rtrim</span>(<span>$fileinfo</span>['dirname'], DS).DS.'cut_'.<span>$fileinfo</span>['filename'].<span>date</span>('YmdHis').<span>mt_rand</span>(1, 1000).".{<span>$ext</span>}"<span>;
        }
        </span><span>//</span><span> 执行剪切操作</span>
        imagecopyresampled(<span>$dstImg</span>, <span>$srcImg</span>, 0, 0, <span>$x</span>, <span>$y</span>, <span>$width</span>, <span>$height</span>, <span>$width</span>, <span>$height</span><span>);
        </span><span>//</span><span> 画于画布并保存文件</span>
        <span>$imagefun</span>(<span>$dstImg</span>, <span>$dstFile</span><span>);
        imagedestroy(</span><span>$dstImg</span><span>);
        imagedestroy(</span><span>$srcImg</span><span>);
        </span><span>return</span> <span>true</span><span>;
    }
    </span><span>//</span><span> 测试</span>
    <span>$srcFile</span> = 'G:\wamp\www\html\image\p221.jpg'<span>;
    cutPic(</span><span>$srcFile</span>, 50, 50, 50, 50);
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  效果:    

  常见的应用是,我们在给自己的某个应用换头像时,头像太大,就会用到裁剪,用这就可以做一个模拟实现。

  4. 图片旋转

  图片旋转也十分常见,主要用到函数imagerotate,原型:resource imagerotate ( resource $image , float $angle , int $bgd_color [, int $ignore_transparent = 0 ] ),第一个参数是待旋转图像句柄,第二个参数angle 是旋转的角度数值,第三个参数指定一个颜色,即当旋转后出现空的地方是使用哪种颜色填充,第四个参数是指定一个透明色,默认0表示保留透明色。该方法返回一个新的图像句柄,就是经过旋转后的图像资源变量,将它绘制保存即可。还要注意的是,旋转的角度可以指定0到360之间,为逆时针旋转,以jpg为例:

<?<span>php
    
    date_default_timezone_set(</span>'Asia/Shanghai'<span>);
    </span><span>define</span>('DS',<span> DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
    </span><span>/*</span><span>*
     * 图片旋转
     * @param angular 旋转角度值 0-360
     </span><span>*/</span>
    <span>function</span> rotatePic(<span>$srcFile</span> = '', <span>$angular</span> = 0, <span>$dstFile</span> = ''<span>)
    {
        </span><span>if</span>(!<span>file_exists</span>(<span>$srcFile</span><span>))
        {
            </span><span>echo</span> 'file not exists<br/>'<span>;
            </span><span>return</span> <span>false</span><span>;
        }

        </span><span>$srcImg</span> = imagecreatefromjpeg(<span>$srcFile</span><span>);
        </span><span>//</span><span> 处理保存文件地址</span>
        <span>$fileinfo</span> = <span>pathinfo</span>(<span>$srcFile</span><span>);
        </span><span>if</span>(<span>empty</span>(<span>$dstFile</span><span>))
        {
            </span><span>$dstFile</span> = <span>rtrim</span>(<span>$fileinfo</span>['dirname'], DS).DS.'rotate_'.<span>$fileinfo</span>['filename'].<span>date</span>('YmdHis').<span>mt_rand</span>(1, 1000).'.jpeg'<span>;
        }
        
        </span><span>$white</span> = imagecolorallocate(<span>$srcImg</span>, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf1<span>);
        </span><span>//</span><span> 执行旋转,注意是逆时针方向</span>
        <span>$dstImg</span> = imagerotate(<span>$srcImg</span>, <span>$angular</span>, <span>$white</span><span>);  
        </span><span>//</span><span> 画到画布,保存文件</span>
        imagejpeg(<span>$dstImg</span>, <span>$dstFile</span><span>);
        imagedestroy(</span><span>$dstImg</span><span>);
        imagedestroy(</span><span>$srcImg</span><span>);
        </span><span>return</span> <span>true</span><span>;
    }
    </span><span>//</span><span> 测试</span>
    <span>$srcFile</span> = 'G:\wamp\www\html\image\p219.jpg'<span>;
    rotatePic(</span><span>$srcFile</span>, 220);
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  效果:原图     旋转后

  5. 图片翻转

  这个在应用中不那么常见。所谓翻转,就是对图像进行镜面翻转,比如以图片中间竖直线为轴线,左边换到右边,右边换到左边,对调一下位置,就是左右翻转。想象一下,以中间竖直线为对称轴的情况,Y轴像素点不变,X轴上的像素点左右对调,仍可以使用imagecopy方法,对于源文件,在复制到目标图像时,进行这个操作,以绕Y轴旋转,jpg类型图片为例

<?<span>php
    </span><span>//</span><span> 图片翻转</span>
    date_default_timezone_set('Asia/Shanghai'<span>);
    </span><span>define</span>('DS',<span> DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
    </span><span>//</span><span> 沿Y轴翻转,x坐标值对调</span>
    <span>function</span> turnY(<span>$srcFile</span> = '', <span>$dstFile</span> = ''<span>)
    {
        </span><span>if</span>(!<span>file_exists</span>(<span>$srcFile</span><span>))
        {
            </span><span>return</span> <span>false</span><span>;
        }
        </span><span>//</span><span> 原图像句柄和宽高获取</span>
        <span>$srcImg</span> = imagecreatefromjpeg(<span>$srcFile</span><span>);
        </span><span>$srcWidth</span> = imagesx(<span>$srcImg</span><span>);
        </span><span>$srcHeight</span> = imagesy(<span>$srcImg</span><span>);
        
        </span><span>$dstImg</span> = imagecreatetruecolor(<span>$srcWidth</span>, <span>$srcHeight</span><span>);
        </span><span>//</span><span> 沿Y轴翻转,x轴上的像素点左右对调</span>
        <span>for</span>(<span>$i</span> = 0; <span>$i</span> < <span>$srcWidth</span>; <span>$i</span>++<span>)
        {
            imagecopy(</span><span>$dstImg</span>, <span>$srcImg</span>, <span>$srcWidth</span>-<span>$i</span>-1, 0, <span>$i</span>, 0, 1, <span>$srcHeight</span><span>);
        }
        </span><span>//</span><span> 画像保存路径处理</span>
        <span>$fileinfo</span> = <span>pathinfo</span>(<span>$srcFile</span><span>);
        </span><span>if</span>(<span>empty</span>(<span>$dstFile</span><span>))
        {
            </span><span>$dstFile</span> = <span>rtrim</span>(<span>$fileinfo</span>['dirname'], DS).DS.'turnx_'.<span>$fileinfo</span>['filename'].<span>date</span>('YmdHis').<span>mt_rand</span>(1, 1000).'.jpeg'<span>;
        }
        </span><span>//</span><span> 绘制图像,保存文件</span>
        imagejpeg(<span>$dstImg</span>, <span>$dstFile</span><span>);
        imagedestroy(</span><span>$dstImg</span><span>);
        imagedestroy(</span><span>$srcImg</span><span>);
        </span><span>return</span> <span>false</span><span>;
    }    
    </span><span>//</span><span> 测试</span>
    <span>$srcFile</span> = 'G:\wamp\www\html\image\p311.jpg'<span>;
    turnY(</span><span>$srcFile</span>);
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  效果: 翻转前  翻转后 

  主要就是for循环那儿,得到源文件的宽度$srcWidth后,如果源文件上坐标是($i, 0)则对应目标图像上坐标($srcWidth-$i-1, 0),然后将宽度为1个像素,高为源文件整个高度$srcHeight的资源复制过去,循环完成后就全部复制到一个图片上了,相当于是一条一条线的画过去的。

  无意浏览手册感觉被坑,看到imageflip函数猜到是这个功能,一看果然是的,可是看的书已经落后几年了,原型:bool imageflip ( resource $image , int $mode ),第一个参数是目标图像资源,第二个参数是翻转的方式,使用php自带的枚举变量即可,有IMG_FLIP_HORIZONTAL(水平)、IMG_FLIP_HORIZONTAL(竖直)、IMG_FLIP_BOTH(水平竖直)三种方式,一个函数即可实现。

  反正都挺简单,不如练练手玩玩 :-D

 

www.bkjia.comtruehttp://www.bkjia.com/PHPjc/992389.htmlTechArticleGD库使用小结---2,gd小结---2 接着上一篇。GD库可以折腾很多用法出来,当然得跟画图相关,除了前面的验证码、水印外,还可以进行图片的...
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