LNMP+sphinx实现大数据秒查

Sphinx是由俄罗斯人Andrew Aksyonoff开发的一个全文检索引擎。意图为其他应用提供高速、低空间占用、高结果 相关度的全文搜索功能。Sphinx可以非常容易的与SQL数据库和脚本语言集成。当前系统内置MySQL和PostgreSQL 数据库数据源的支持，也支持从标准输入读取特定格式 的XML数据。

Sphinx的特性如下：

a)  高速的建立索引(在当代CPU上，峰值性能可达到10 MB/秒);

b)  高性能的搜索(在2 – 4GB 的文本数据上，平均每次检索响应时间小于0.1秒);

c)  可处理海量数据(目前已知可以处理超过100 GB的文本数据, 在单一CPU的系统上可处理100 M 文档);

d)  提供了优秀的相关度算法，基于短语相似度和统计（BM25）的复合Ranking方法;

e)  支持分布式搜索;

f)  支持短语搜索

g)  提供文档摘要生成

h)  可作为MySQL的存储引擎提供搜索服务;

i)  支持布尔、短语、词语相似度等多种检索模式;

j)  文档支持多个全文检索字段(最大不超过32个);

k)  文档支持多个额外的属性信息(例如：分组信息，时间戳等);

l)  支持断词;

虽然mysql的MYISAM提供全文索引，但是性能却不敢让人恭维，另外数据库毕竟不是很善于做这样的事情，我们需要把这些活让给更适合的程序去做，减少数据库的压力。因此采用Sphinx来做mysql的全文索引工具是一个很好的选择。这个星期主要来学习这个这个工具的使用，下面将学习过程大致的记录一下，做个备忘，也希望能对学习这个工具的其他朋友有所启发。

安装sphinx

wget http://sphinxsearch.com/files/sphinx-2.2.11-release.tar.gz
tar -xf sphinx-2.2.11-release.tar.gz  && cd sphinx-2.2.11-release
./configure  --prefix=/usr/local/spinx --with-mysql
make && make install
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64/
libsphinxclient 安装（PHP模块需要）
cd api/libsphinxclient
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/sphinx
make &&  make install

2.安装php扩展

wget http://pecl.php.net/get/sphinx-1.3.0.tgz
tar zxf sphinx-1.3.3.tgz && cd sphinx-1.3.3
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-sphinx=/usr/local/sphinx/
make &&  make install

3.创建配置文件

cp /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx-min.conf.dist  /usr/local/sphinx/etc/sphinx.conf

#
# Minimal Sphinx configuration sample (clean, simple, functional)
#
 
source src1
{
        type                    = mysql
 
        sql_host                = localhost
        sql_user                = root
        sql_pass                = www.123
        sql_db                  = test
        sql_port                = 3306  # optional, default is 3306
 
        sql_query               = \
                SELECT id, group_id, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(date_added) AS date_added, title, content \
                FROM documents
 
        sql_attr_uint           = group_id
        sql_attr_timestamp      = date_added
}
 
 
index test1
{
        source                  = src1
        path                    = /usr/local/spinx/var/data/test1
}
 
 
indexer
{
        mem_limit               = 32M
}
 
 
searchd
{
        listen                  = 9312
        listen                  = 9306:mysql41
        log                     = /usr/local/spinx/var/log/searchd.log
        query_log               = /usr/local/spinx/var/log/query.log
        read_timeout            = 5
        max_children            = 30
        pid_file                = /usr/local/spinx/var/log/searchd.pid
        seamless_rotate         = 1
        preopen_indexes         = 1
        unlink_old              = 1
        workers                 = threads # for RT to work
        binlog_path             = /usr/local/spinx/var/data
}

4.创建索引并启动

/usr/local/spinx/bin/indexer  -c /usr/local/spinx/etc/sphinx.conf --all
/usr/local/spinx/bin/searchd  -c /usr/local/spinx/etc/sphinx.conf

5.查询验证

cd /root/sphinx-2.2.11-release/api
python test.py  test
DEPRECATED: Do not call this method or, even better, use SphinxQL instead of an API
Query 'test ' retrieved 3 of 3 matches in 0.000 sec
Query stats:
        'test' found 5 times in 3 documents
Matches:
1. doc_id=1, weight=2, group_id=1, date_added=2016-11-30 01:21:20
2. doc_id=2, weight=2, group_id=1, date_added=2016-11-30 01:21:20
3. doc_id=4, weight=1, group_id=2, date_added=2016-11-30 01:21:20

mysql> select * from documents;
+----+----------+-----------+---------------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | group_id | group_id2 | date_added          | title           | content                                                                   |
+----+----------+-----------+---------------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  1 |        1 |         5 | 2016-11-30 01:21:20 | test one        | this is my test document number one. also checking search within phrases. |
|  2 |        1 |         6 | 2016-11-30 01:21:20 | test two        | this is my test document number two                                       |
|  3 |        2 |         7 | 2016-11-30 01:21:20 | another doc     | this is another group                                                     |
|  4 |        2 |         8 | 2016-11-30 01:21:20 | doc number four | this is to test groups                                                    |
+----+----------+-----------+---------------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+