强大的网络爬虫系统：pyspider

PySpider：一个国人编写的强大的网络爬虫系统并带有强大的WebUI。采用Python语言编写，分布式架构，支持多种数据库后端，强大的WebUI支持脚本编辑器，任务监视器，项目管理器以及结果查看器。

1.搭建环境：

系统版本：Linux centos-linux.shared 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Jun 30 12:09:22 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

python版本：Python 3.5.1

1.1.搭建python3环境：

本人在尝试过后选择集成环境Anaconda

1.1.1.编译

# 下载依赖
yum install -y ncurses-devel openssl openssl-devel zlib-devel gcc make glibc-devel libffi-devel glibc-static glibc-utils sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-deve
# 下载python版本
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.1/Python-3.5.1.tgz
# 或者使用国内源
wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/python/3.5.1/Python-3.5.1.tgz
mv Python-3.5.1.tgz /usr/local/src;cd /usr/local/src
# 解压
tar -zxf Python-3.5.1.tgz;cd Python-3.5.1
# 编译安装
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.5 --enable-shared
make && make install
# 建立软链接
ln -s /usr/local/python3.5/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
echo "/usr/local/python3.5/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/python3.5.conf
ldconfig
# 验证python3
python3
# Python 3.5.1 (default, Oct 9 2016, 11:44:24)
# [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)] on linux
# Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
# >>>
# pip
/usr/local/python3.5/bin/pip3 install --upgrade pip
ln -s /usr/local/python3.5/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip
# 本人在安装时出现问题 将pip重装
wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py --no-check-certificate
python get-pip.py

1.1.2.集成环境anaconda

# 集成环境anaconda(推荐)
wget https://repo.continuum.io/archive/Anaconda3-4.2.0-Linux-x86_64.sh
# 直接安装即可
./Anaconda3-4.2.0-Linux-x86_64.sh
# 若出错，可能是解压失败
yum install bzip2

1.2.安装mariaDB

# 安装
yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
# 启动
systemctl start mariadb
# 设置为开机启动
systemctl enable mariadb
# 配置密码 默认为空
mysql_secure_installation
# 登录
mysql -u root -p
# 创建一个用户 自己设定账户密码
CREATE USER 'user_name'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'user_pass';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'user_name'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
CREATE USER 'user_name'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'user_pass';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'user_name'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;

1.3.安装pyspider

本人使用Anaconda

# 搭建虚拟环境sbird python版本3.*
conda create -n sbird python=3*
# 进入环境
source activate sbird
# 安装pyspider
pip install pyspider
# 报错 
# it does not exist. The exported locale is "en_US.UTF-8" but it is not supported
# 执行 可写入.bashrc
export LC_ALL=en_US.utf-8
export LANG=en_US.utf-8
#ImportError: pycurl: libcurl link-time version (7.29.0) is older than compile-time version (7.49.0)
conda install pycurl
# 退出
source deactivate sbird
# 若在虚拟机内 出现无法访问localhost:5000 可关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service
#########直接运行源码==============
mkdir git;cd git
# 下载
git clone https://github.com/binux/pyspider.git
# 安装
/root/anaconda3/envs/sbird/bin/python /root/git/pyspider/run.py

其他方法

# 搭建虚拟环境
pip install virtualenv
mkdir python;cd python
# 创建虚拟环境pyenv3
virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 pyenv3
# 进入虚拟环境 激活环境
cd pyenv3/
source ./bin/activate
pip install pyspider
# 若pycurl报错 
yum install libcurl-devel
# 继续
pip install pyspider
# 关闭
deactivate

本人推荐用anaconda方式安装

若pyspider运行过程中出现错误，参考anaconda安装部分，至此，访问localhost:5000可看到页面。

1.4.安装Supervisor

# 安装
yum install supervisor -y
# 若无法检索 则添加阿里的epel源
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
# 添加以下内容
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/$basearch
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/epel/7/$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7

[epel-debuginfo]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Debug
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/$basearch/debug
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/epel/7/$basearch/debug
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
gpgcheck=0

[epel-source]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Source
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/SRPMS
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/epel/7/SRPMS
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
gpgcheck=0
# 安装
yum install supervisor -y
# 测试是否安装成功
echo_supervisord_conf

1.4.1.Supervisor用法

supervisord   #supervisor的服务器端部分 启动
supervisorctl  #启动supervisor的命令行窗口
# 假设创建进程pyspider01
vim /etc/supervisord.d/pyspider01.ini
# 写入以下内容
[program:pyspider01]

command   = /root/anaconda3/envs/sbird/bin/python /root/git/pyspider/run.py
directory  = /root/git/pyspider
user     = root
process_name = %(program_name)s
autostart  = true
autorestart = true
startsecs  = 3

redirect_stderr     = true
stdout_logfile_maxbytes = 500MB
stdout_logfile_backups = 10
stdout_logfile     = /pyspider/supervisor/pyspider01.log
# 重载
supervisorctl reload
# 启动
supervisorctl start pyspider01
# 也可这样启动
supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf
# 查看状态
supervisorctl status
# output 
pyspider01            RUNNING  pid 4026, uptime 0:02:40
# 关闭
supervisorctl shutdown

1.5.安装redis

# 消息队列采用redis
mkdir download;cd download
wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.2.4.tar.gz
tar xzf redis-3.2.4.tar.gz
cd redis-3.2.4
make
# 或者直接yum安装
yum -y install redis
# 启动
systemctl start redis.service
# 重启
systemctl restart redis.service
# 停止
systemctl stop redis.service
# 查看状态
systemctl status redis.service
# 更改文件/etc/redis.conf
vim /etc/redis.conf
# 更改内容
daemonize no 改为 daemonize yes
bind 127.0.0.1 改为 bind 10.211.55.22(当前服务器ip)
# 重启redis
systemctl restart redis.service

1.6.关于自启动

# Supervisor添加到自启动服务
systemctl enable supervisord.service
# redis添加到自启动服务
systemctl enable redis.service
# 关闭防火墙自启动
systemctl disable firewalld.service

至此，pyspider单个服务器运行环境搭建且部署完毕，启动localhost:5000进入web界面。

也可编写脚本运行，在/pyspider/supervisor/pyspider01.log查看运行状态。

2.分布式部署

刚才配置的服务器，将其命名为centos01，按照这样的配置，再分别部署两台centos02、centos03。

如下：

服务器名称 ip 说明

centos01 10.211.55.22 redis,mariaDB, scheduler
centos02 10.211.55.23 fetcher, processor, result_worker,phantomjs
centos03 10.211.55.24 fetcher, processor,,result_worker,webui

2.1.centos01

进入服务器centos01，经过第一步，基本环境已经搭好，首先编辑配置文件/pyspider/config.json

{
 "taskdb": "mysql+taskdb://user_name:user_pass@10.211.55.22:3306/taskdb",
 "projectdb": "mysql+projectdb://user_name:user_pass@10.211.55.22:3306/projectdb",
 "resultdb": "mysql+resultdb://user_name:user_pass@10.211.55.22:3306/resultdb",
 "message_queue": "redis://10.211.55.22:6379/db",
 "logging-config": "/pyspider/logging.conf",
 "phantomjs-proxy":"10.211.55.23:25555",
 "webui": {
  "username": "",
  "password": "",
  "need-auth": false,
  "host":"10.211.55.24",
  "port":"5000",
  "scheduler-rpc":"http:// 10.211.55.22:5002",
  "fetcher-rpc":"http://10.211.55.23:5001"
 },
 "fetcher": {
  "xmlrpc":true,
  "xmlrpc-host": "0.0.0.0",
  "xmlrpc-port": "5001"
 },
 "scheduler": {
  "xmlrpc":true,
  "xmlrpc-host": "0.0.0.0",
  "xmlrpc-port": "5002"
 }
}

尝试运行下：

/root/anaconda3/envs/sbird/bin/python /root/git/pyspider/run.py -c /pyspider/config.json scheduler
# 报错
ImportError: No module named 'mysql'
# 下载 mysql-connector-python
cd ~/git/
git clone https://github.com/mysql/mysql-connector-python.git
# 安装
source activate sbird
cd mysql-connector-python
python setup.py install
# 安装redis
pip install redis
source deactivate
# 运行
/root/anaconda3/envs/sbird/bin/python /root/git/pyspider/run.py -c /pyspider/config.json scheduler
# 输出 ok
[I 161010 15:57:25 scheduler:644] scheduler starting...
[I 161010 15:57:25 scheduler:779] scheduler.xmlrpc listening on 0.0.0.0:5002
[I 161010 15:57:25 scheduler:583] in 5m: new:0,success:0,retry:0,failed:0

运行成功后，可直接更改/etc/supervisord.d/pyspider01.ini如下：

[program:pyspider01]

command   = /root/anaconda3/envs/sbird/bin/python /root/git/pyspider/run.py -c /pyspider/config.json scheduler
directory  = /root/git/pyspider
user     = root
process_name = %(program_name)s
autostart  = true
autorestart = true
startsecs  = 3

redirect_stderr     = true
stdout_logfile_maxbytes = 500MB
stdout_logfile_backups = 10
stdout_logfile     = /pyspider/supervisor/pyspider01.log
# 重载
supervisorctl reload
# 查看状态
supervisorctl status

centos01部署完毕。

2.2.centos02

在centos02中，需要运行result_worker、processor、phantomjs、fetcher

分别建立文件：

/etc/supervisord.d/result_worker.ini

[program:result_worker]

command   = /root/anaconda3/envs/sbird/bin/python /root/git/pyspider/run.py -c /pyspider/config.json result_worker
directory  = /root/git/pyspider
user     = root
process_name = %(program_name)s
autostart  = true
autorestart = true
startsecs  = 3

redirect_stderr     = true
stdout_logfile_maxbytes = 500MB
stdout_logfile_backups = 10
stdout_logfile     = /pyspider/supervisor/result_worker.log
/etc/supervisord.d/processor.ini

[program:processor]

command   = /root/anaconda3/envs/sbird/bin/python /root/git/pyspider/run.py -c /pyspider/config.json processor
directory  = /root/git/pyspider
user     = root
process_name = %(program_name)s
autostart  = true
autorestart = true
startsecs  = 3

redirect_stderr     = true
stdout_logfile_maxbytes = 500MB
stdout_logfile_backups = 10
stdout_logfile     = /pyspider/supervisor/processor.log
/etc/supervisord.d/phantomjs.ini

[program:phantomjs]

command   = /pyspider/phantomjs --config=/pyspider/pjsconfig.json /pyspider/phantomjs_fetcher.js 25555
directory  = /root/git/pyspider
user     = root
process_name = %(program_name)s
autostart  = true
autorestart = true
startsecs  = 3

redirect_stderr     = true
stdout_logfile_maxbytes = 500MB
stdout_logfile_backups = 10
stdout_logfile     = /pyspider/supervisor/phantomjs.log
/etc/supervisord.d/fetcher.ini

[program:fetcher]

command   = /root/anaconda3/envs/sbird/bin/python /root/git/pyspider/run.py -c /pyspider/config.json fetcher
directory  = /root/git/pyspider
user     = root
process_name = %(program_name)s
autostart  = true
autorestart = true
startsecs  = 3

redirect_stderr     = true
stdout_logfile_maxbytes = 500MB
stdout_logfile_backups = 10
stdout_logfile     = /pyspider/supervisor/fetcher.log

在pyspider目录中建立pjsconfig.json

{
 /*--ignore-ssl-errors=true */
 "ignoreSslErrors": true,

 /*--ssl-protocol=true */
 "sslprotocol": "any",

 /* Same as: --output-encoding=utf8 */
 "outputEncoding": "utf8",

 /* persistent Cookies. */
 /*cookiesfile="e:/phontjscookies.txt",*/
 cookiesfile="pyspider/phontjscookies.txt",

 /* load image */
 autoLoadImages = false
}

下载phantomjs至/pyspider/文件夹，将git/pyspider/pyspider/fetcher/phantomjs_fetcher.js复制到phantomjs_fetcher.js

# 重载
supervisorctl reload
# 查看状态
supervisorctl status
# output
fetcher             RUNNING  pid 3446, uptime 0:00:07
phantomjs            RUNNING  pid 3448, uptime 0:00:07
processor            RUNNING  pid 3447, uptime 0:00:07
result_worker          RUNNING  pid 3445, uptime 0:00:07

centos02部署完毕。

2.3.centos03

部署这三个进程fetcher, processor, result_worker和centos02 一样，本服务器主要是在前面的基础上加上webui

建立文件：

/etc/supervisord.d/webui.ini

[program:webui]

command   = /root/anaconda3/envs/sbird/bin/python /root/git/pyspider/run.py -c /pyspider/config.json webui
directory  = /root/git/pyspider
user     = root
process_name = %(program_name)s
autostart  = true
autorestart = true
startsecs  = 3

redirect_stderr     = true
stdout_logfile_maxbytes = 500MB
stdout_logfile_backups = 10
stdout_logfile     = /pyspider/supervisor/webui.log
# 重载
supervisorctl reload
# 查看状态
supervisorctl status
# output
fetcher             RUNNING  pid 2724, uptime 0:00:07
processor            RUNNING  pid 2725, uptime 0:00:07
result_worker          RUNNING  pid 2723, uptime 0:00:07
webui              RUNNING  pid 2726, uptime 0:00:07

3.总结

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