【机器学习】数据预处理之将类别数据转换为数值-Python教程-PHP中文网

在进行python数据分析的时候，首先要进行数据预处理。
有时候不得不处理一些非数值类别的数据，嗯，今天要说的就是面对这些数据该如何处理。
目前了解到的大概有三种方法：
1，通过LabelEncoder来进行快速的转换；
2，通过mapping方式，将类别映射为数值。不过这种方法适用范围有限；
3，通过get_dummies方法来转换。
<span style="color: #008080"> 1</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">import</span><span style="color: #000000"> pandas as pd
</span><span style="color: #008080"> 2</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">from</span> io <span style="color: #0000ff">import</span><span style="color: #000000"> StringIO
</span><span style="color: #008080"> 3</span> 
<span style="color: #008080"> 4</span> csv_data = <span style="color: #800000">'''</span><span style="color: #800000">A,B,C,D
</span><span style="color: #008080"> 5</span> <span style="color: #800000">1,2,3,4
</span><span style="color: #008080"> 6</span> <span style="color: #800000">5,6,,8
</span><span style="color: #008080"> 7</span> <span style="color: #800000">0,11,12,</span><span style="color: #800000">'''</span>
<span style="color: #008080"> 8</span> 
<span style="color: #008080"> 9</span> df =<span style="color: #000000"> pd.read_csv(StringIO(csv_data))
</span><span style="color: #008080">10</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">print</span><span style="color: #000000">(df)
</span><span style="color: #008080">11</span> <span style="color: #008000">#</span><span style="color: #008000">统计为空的数目</span>
<span style="color: #008080">12</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">print</span><span style="color: #000000">(df.isnull().sum())
</span><span style="color: #008080">13</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">print</span><span style="color: #000000">(df.values)
</span><span style="color: #008080">14</span> 
<span style="color: #008080">15</span> <span style="color: #008000">#</span><span style="color: #008000">丢弃空的</span>
<span style="color: #008080">16</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">print</span><span style="color: #000000">(df.dropna())
</span><span style="color: #008080">17</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">print</span>(<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">after</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">, df)
</span><span style="color: #008080">18</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">from</span> sklearn.preprocessing <span style="color: #0000ff">import</span><span style="color: #000000"> Imputer
</span><span style="color: #008080">19</span> <span style="color: #008000">#</span><span style="color: #008000"> axis=0 列   axis = 1 行</span>
<span style="color: #008080">20</span> imr = Imputer(missing_values=<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">NaN</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>, strategy=<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">mean</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>, axis=<span style="color: #000000">0)
</span><span style="color: #008080">21</span> imr.fit(df) <span style="color: #008000">#</span><span style="color: #008000"> fit  构建得到数据</span>
<span style="color: #008080">22</span> imputed_data = imr.transform(df.values) <span style="color: #008000">#</span><span style="color: #008000">transform 将数据进行填充</span>
<span style="color: #008080">23</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">print</span><span style="color: #000000">(imputed_data)
</span><span style="color: #008080">24</span> 
<span style="color: #008080">25</span> df = pd.DataFrame([[<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">green</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">M</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>, 10.1, <span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">class1</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">],
</span><span style="color: #008080">26</span>                    [<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">red</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">L</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>, 13.5, <span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">class2</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">],
</span><span style="color: #008080">27</span>                    [<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">blue</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">XL</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>, 15.3, <span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">class1</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">]])
</span><span style="color: #008080">28</span> df.columns =[<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">color</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">size</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">price</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">classlabel</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">]
</span><span style="color: #008080">29</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">print</span><span style="color: #000000">(df)
</span><span style="color: #008080">30</span> 
<span style="color: #008080">31</span> size_mapping = {<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">XL</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>:3, <span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">L</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>:2, <span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">M</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>:1<span style="color: #000000">}
</span><span style="color: #008080">32</span> df[<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">size</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>] = df[<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">size</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">].map(size_mapping)
</span><span style="color: #008080">33</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">print</span><span style="color: #000000">(df)
</span><span style="color: #008080">34</span> 
<span style="color: #008080">35</span> <span style="color: #008000">#</span><span style="color: #008000"># 遍历Series</span>
<span style="color: #008080">36</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">for</span> idx, label <span style="color: #0000ff">in</span> enumerate(df[<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">classlabel</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">]):
</span><span style="color: #008080">37</span>     <span style="color: #0000ff">print</span><span style="color: #000000">(idx, label)
</span><span style="color: #008080">38</span> 
<span style="color: #008080">39</span> <span style="color: #008000">#</span><span style="color: #008000">1, 利用LabelEncoder类快速编码,但此时对color并不适合,</span>
<span style="color: #008080">40</span> <span style="color: #008000">#</span><span style="color: #008000">看起来,好像是有大小的</span>
<span style="color: #008080">41</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">from</span> sklearn.preprocessing <span style="color: #0000ff">import</span><span style="color: #000000"> LabelEncoder
</span><span style="color: #008080">42</span> class_le =<span style="color: #000000"> LabelEncoder()
</span><span style="color: #008080">43</span> color_le =<span style="color: #000000"> LabelEncoder()
</span><span style="color: #008080">44</span> df[<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">classlabel</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>] = class_le.fit_transform(df[<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">classlabel</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">].values)
</span><span style="color: #008080">45</span> <span style="color: #008000">#</span><span style="color: #008000">df['color'] = color_le.fit_transform(df['color'].values)</span>
<span style="color: #008080">46</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">print</span><span style="color: #000000">(df)
</span><span style="color: #008080">47</span> 
<span style="color: #008080">48</span> <span style="color: #008000">#</span><span style="color: #008000">2, 映射字典将类标转换为整数</span>
<span style="color: #008080">49</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">import</span><span style="color: #000000"> numpy as np
</span><span style="color: #008080">50</span> class_mapping = {label: idx <span style="color: #0000ff">for</span> idx, label <span style="color: #0000ff">in</span> enumerate(np.unique(df[<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">classlabel</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">]))}
</span><span style="color: #008080">51</span> df[<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">classlabel</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>] = df[<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">classlabel</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">].map(class_mapping)
</span><span style="color: #008080">52</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">print</span>(<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">2,</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">, df)
</span><span style="color: #008080">53</span> 
<span style="color: #008080">54</span> 
<span style="color: #008080">55</span> <span style="color: #008000">#</span><span style="color: #008000">3,处理1不适用的</span>
<span style="color: #008080">56</span> <span style="color: #008000">#</span><span style="color: #008000">利用创建一个新的虚拟特征</span>
<span style="color: #008080">57</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">from</span> sklearn.preprocessing <span style="color: #0000ff">import</span><span style="color: #000000"> OneHotEncoder
</span><span style="color: #008080">58</span> pf = pd.get_dummies(df[[<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">color</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #000000">]])
</span><span style="color: #008080">59</span> df = pd.concat([df, pf], axis=1<span style="color: #000000">)
</span><span style="color: #008080">60</span> df.drop([<span style="color: #800000">'</span><span style="color: #800000">color</span><span style="color: #800000">'</span>], axis=1, inplace=<span style="color: #000000">True)
</span><span style="color: #008080">61</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">print</span>(df)
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