这次给大家带来HTML中head头结构应该如何使用，使用HTML中head头结构的注意事项有哪些，下面就是实战案例，一起来看一下。
下面介绍下常用的head头部结构，以及对各个标签、元素的意义以及使用场景一一介绍（本篇以一丝大神的文章为基础，进行扩展总结）。
padding.me的head头结构
复制代码代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=yes">
<meta name="keywords" content="PaddingMe,front-end,前端,前端工程师,web开发工程师,HTML,CSS,JavaScript,HTML5,CSS3,git,Github">
<meta name="description" content="PaddingMe - he is a front-end developer.">
<meta name="robots" content="index,follow">
<meta name="author" content="PaddingMe,padding4me@gmail.com"></p>< p> <meta name="renderer" content="webkit">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge,chrome=1">
<meta></p>< p> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp"></p>< p> <title>PaddingMe</title>
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="../favicon.ico"></p>< p> <link rel="author" href="<a href="https://plus.google.com/u/1/105241873904238310190/?rel=author">https://plus.google.com/u/1/105241873904238310190/?rel=author</a>">
<link type="text/plain" rel="author" href="<a href="http://padding.me/humans.txt">http://padding.me/humans.txt</a>" /></p>< p> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/screen.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/font.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/social.css">
<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom 1.0" href="<a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/paddingme">http://feeds.feedburner.com/paddingme</a>" />
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DOCTYPE(Document Type)，该声明位于文档中最前面的位置，处于html标签之前，此标签告知浏览器文档使用哪种HTML或者XHTML规范。
DTD(Document Type Definition)声明以开始，不区分大小写，前面没有任何内容，如果有其他内容(空格除外)会使浏览器在IE下开启怪异模式(quirks mode)渲染网页。公共DTD，名称格式为“注册//组织//类型 标签//语言”,“注册”指示组织是否由国际标准化组织(ISO)注册，+表示是，-表示不是。“组织”即组织名称，如：W3C；“类型”一般是DTD，“标签”是指定公开文本描述，即对所引用的公开文本的唯一描述性名称，后面可附带版本号。最后“语言”是DTD语言的ISO 639语言标识符，如：EN表示英文，ZH表示中文。XHTML 1.0可声明三种DTD类型。分别表示严格版本，过渡版本，以及基于框架的HTML文档。
HTML 4.01 strict
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
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HTML 4.01 Transitional
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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HTML 4.01 Frameset
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">
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而最新HTML5 推出更加简洁的书写，它向前向后兼容，推荐使用。
HTML里的doctype有两个主要目的。
•对文档进行有效性验证。
它告诉用户代理和校验器这个文档是按照什么DTD写的。这个动作是被动的，每次页面加载时，浏览器并不会下载DTD并检查合法性，只有当手动校验页面时才启用。
•决定浏览器的呈现模式
对于实际操作，通知浏览器读取文档时用哪种解析算法。如果没有写，则浏览器则根据自身的规则对代码进行解析，可能会严重影响html排版布局。浏览器有三种方式解析HTML文档。
◦非怪异（标准）模式
◦怪异模式
◦部分怪异（近乎标准）模式
关于IE浏览器的文档模式，浏览器模式，严格模式，怪异模式，DOCTYPE标签，可详细阅读模式？标准！，以及盒子模型。
charset
声明文档使用的字符编码，
复制代码代码如下:
<meta charset='utf-8'>
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html5之前网页中会这样写：
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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这两个是等效的，具体可移步阅读：http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4696499/meta-charset-utf-8-vs-meta-http-equiv-content-type，所以建议使用较短的，易于记忆。
lang属性
简体中文
<html> <!-- 更加标准的 lang 属性写法 <http://zhi.hu/XyIa> -->
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繁体中文
<html> <!-- 更加标准的 lang 属性写法 <http://zhi.hu/XyIa> -->
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很少情况才需要加地区代码，通常是为了强调不同地区汉语使用差异，例如：
<p>
<strong>菠萝</strong>和<strong>鳳梨</strong>其实是同一种水果。只是大陆和台湾称谓不同，且新加坡、马来西亚一带的称谓也是不同的，称之为<strong>黄梨</strong>。
</p>登录后复制
具体相关请移步http://zhi.hu/XyIa
优先使用 IE 最新版本和 Chrome
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" />
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360 使用Google Chrome Frame
<meta name="renderer" content="webkit">
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360浏览器就会在读取到这个标签后，立即切换对应的极速核。
另外为了保险起见再加入
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge,chrome=1">
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这样写可以达到的效果是如果安装了Google Chrome Frame，则使用GCF来渲染页面，如果没有安装GCF，则使用最高版本的IE内核进行渲染。
相关链接：浏览器内核控制Meta标签说明文档
百度禁止转码
通过百度手机打开网页时，百度可能会对你的网页进行转码，脱下你的衣服，往你的身上贴狗皮膏药的广告，为此可在head内添加
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" />
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相关链接：SiteApp转码声明
SEO优化部分
页面标题
标签(head头部必须)<br/></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><title>your title</title></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><p>页面关键词keywords<br/></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="keywords" content="your keywords"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><p>页面描述内容description<br/></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="description" content="your description"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><p>定义网页作者author<br/></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="author" content="author,email address"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="robots" content="index,follow"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><p>相关链接：WEB1038 - 标记包含无效的值</p><p>viewport</p><p>viewport 可以让布局在移动浏览器上显示的更好。<br/> 通常会写<br/></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><p>width=device-width 会导致 iPhone 5 添加到主屏后以 WebApp 全屏模式打开页面时出现黑边(http://bigc.at/ios-webapp-viewport-meta.orz)<br/></p><p>content 参数：<br/> •width viewport 宽度(数值/device-width)<br/> •height viewport 高度(数值/device-height)<br/> •initial-scale 初始缩放比例<br/> •maximum-scale 最大缩放比例<br/> •minimum-scale 最小缩放比例<br/> •user-scalable 是否允许用户缩放(yes/no)<br/>minimal-ui iOS 7.1 beta 2 中新增属性，可以在页面加载时最小化上下状态栏。这是一个布尔值，可以直接这样写：<br/></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimal-ui"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><p>而如果你的网站不是响应式的，请不要使用initial-scale或者禁用缩放。<br/></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=yes"></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><p>相关链接：非响应式设计的viewport<br/></p><p>ios 设备</p><p>添加到主屏后的标题（iOS 6 新增）</p><p>复制代码代码如下:<br/></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="标题"> <!-- 添加到主屏后的标题（iOS 6 新增） --></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><p>是否启用 WebApp 全屏模式<br/></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" /> <!-- 是否启用 WebApp 全屏模式 --></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><p> 设置状态栏的背景颜色<br/></p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent" /> <!-- 设置状态栏的背景颜色，只有在 `"apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"` 时生效 --></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><p> 只有在 "apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" 时生效</p><p>content 参数：<br/> •default 默认值。<br/> •black 状态栏背景是黑色。<br/> •black-translucent 状态栏背景是黑色半透明。<br/> 如果设置为 default 或 black ,网页内容从状态栏底部开始。<br/> 如果设置为 black-translucent ,网页内容充满整个屏幕，顶部会被状态栏遮挡。<br/>禁止数字识自动别为电话号码</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" /> <!-- 禁止数字识自动别为电话号码 --></pre><div class="contentsignin">登录后复制</div></div><p>相信看了这些案例你已经掌握了方法，更多精彩请关注php中文网其它相关文章！</p>
<p>相关阅读：</p>
<p><a href="http://www.php.cn/div-tutorial-385687.html" target="_blank">在HTML的列表中，dl(dt,dd)、ul(li)、ol(li) 有什么不同</a><br></p>
<p><a href="http://www.php.cn/div-tutorial-385625.html" target="_blank">html怎样使用超链接打开新窗口并且控制该窗口属性</a><br></p>
<p><a href="http://www.php.cn/div-tutorial-385684.html" target="_blank">HTML的head头标签有哪些用法</a><br></p><p>以上是HTML中head头结构应该如何使用的详细内容。更多信息请关注PHP中文网其他相关文章！</p>
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document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", (event) => {
// 定义一个函数来处理滚动链接的点击事件
function setupScrollLink(scrollLinkId, targetElementId) {
const scrollLink = document.getElementById(scrollLinkId);
const targetElement = document.getElementById(targetElementId);
if (scrollLink && targetElement) {
scrollLink.addEventListener("click", (e) => {
e.preventDefault(); // 阻止默认链接行为
targetElement.scrollIntoView({
behavior: "smooth"
}); // 平滑滚动到目标元素
});
} else {
console.warn(
`Either scroll link with ID '${scrollLinkId}' or target element with ID '${targetElementId}' not found.`
);
}
}
// 使用该函数设置多个滚动链接
setupScrollLink("Article_Details_main1L2s_1", "article_main_title1");
setupScrollLink("Article_Details_main1L2s_2", "article_main_title2");
setupScrollLink("Article_Details_main1L2s_3", "article_main_title3");
setupScrollLink("Article_Details_main1L2s_4", "article_main_title4");
setupScrollLink("Article_Details_main1L2s_5", "article_main_title5");
setupScrollLink("Article_Details_main1L2s_6", "article_main_title6");
// 可以继续添加更多的滚动链接设置
});
window.addEventListener("scroll", function () {
var fixedElement = document.getElementById("Article_Details_main1Lmain");
var scrollTop = window.scrollY || document.documentElement.scrollTop; // 兼容不同浏览器
var clientHeight = window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight; // 视口高度
var scrollHeight = document.documentElement.scrollHeight; // 页面总高度
// 计算距离底部的距离
var distanceToBottom = scrollHeight - scrollTop - clientHeight;
// 当距离底部小于或等于300px时，取消固定定位
if (distanceToBottom <= 980) {
fixedElement.classList.remove("Article_Details_main1Lmain");
fixedElement.classList.add("Article_Details_main1Lmain_relative");
} else {
// 否则，保持固定定位
fixedElement.classList.remove("Article_Details_main1Lmain_relative");
fixedElement.classList.add("Article_Details_main1Lmain");
}
});
</script>
<script>
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
const mainNav = document.querySelector('.Article_Details_main1Lmain');
const header = document.querySelector('header');
if (mainNav) {
window.addEventListener('scroll', function() {
const scrollPosition = window.scrollY;
if (scrollPosition > 84) {
mainNav.classList.add('fixed');
} else {
mainNav.classList.remove('fixed');
}
});
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html> 
