最近工作环境切换到Mac，所以以OS X Yosemite（10.10.1）为例，记录一下从零开始安装Mac下LNMP环境的过程
确保系统已经安装xcode，然后使用一行命令安装依赖管理工具Homebrew
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
之后就可以使用
brew install FORMULA
来安装所需要的依赖了。
brew（意为酿酒）的命名很有意思，全部都使用了酿酒过程中采用的材料/器具，名词对应以下的概念：
Formula（配方） 程序包定义，本质上是一个rb文件
Keg（桶）程序包的安装路径
Cellar（地窖）所有程序包（桶）的根目录
Tap（水龙头）程序包的源
Bottle （瓶子）编译打包好的程序包
最终编译安装完毕的程序就是一桶酿造好的酒
更详细的信息参考Homebrew的官方Cookbook
因此使用Homebrew常见的流程是：
增加一个程序源（新增一个水龙头） brew tap homebrew/php
更新程序源 brew update
安装程序包（按照配方酿酒） brew install git
查看配置 brew config 可以看到程序包默认安装在/usr/local/Cellar下 （酒桶放在地窖内）
首先加入Homebrew官方的几个软件源
brew tap homebrew/dupes brew tap homebrew/versions brew tap homebrew/php
PHP如果采用默认配置安装，会编译mod_php模块并只运行在Apache环境下，为了使用Nginx，这里需要编译php-fpm并且禁用apache，主要通过参数--without-fpm --without-apache来实现。完整的安装指令为
brew install php56 \--without-snmp \--without-apache \--with-debug \--with-fpm \--with-intl \--with-homebrew-curl \--with-homebrew-libxslt \--with-homebrew-openssl \--with-imap \--with-mysql \--with-tidy
由于OSX已经自带了PHP环境，因此需要修改系统路径，优先运行brew安装的版本，在~/.bashrc里加入：
export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"
如果要安装新的php扩展，可以直接安装而不用每次重新编译php，所有的扩展可以通过
brew search php56
看到，下面是我自己所需要的扩展，可以支持Phalcon框架：
brew install php56-gearman php56-msgpack php56-memcache php56-memcached php56-mongo php56-phalcon php56-redis php56-xdebug
安装完毕后可以通过以下指令启动和停止php-fpm
php-fpm -D killall php-fpm
同时可以将php-fpm加入开机启动
ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php56/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php56.plist
brew install nginx
安装完毕后可以通过
nginx nginx -s quit
启动和关闭，同时也支持重载配置文件等操作
nginx -s reload|reopen|stop|quit
nginx安装后默认监听8080端口，可以访问http://localhost:8080查看状态。如果要想监听80端口需要root权限，运行
sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx sudo chmod u+s /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx
并使用root权限启动
sudo nginx
开机启动
ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist
Nginx一般都会运行多个域名，因此这里参考了@fish的方法，按Ubuntu的文件夹结构来存放Nginx的配置文件
mkdir -p /usr/local/var/logs/nginx mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl
编辑Nginx全局配置
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
error_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/error.log debug;
pid /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 256;
}
http { include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '
'"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent '
'"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
'"$http_x_forwarded_for" $host $request_time $upstream_response_time $scheme '
'$cookie_evalogin';
access_log /usr/local/var/logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
port_in_redirect off; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}这样一来首先可以把一些可复用配置独立出来放在/usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d下，比如fastcgi的设置就可以独立出来
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm
内容为
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri = 404;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;
}然后/usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目录下可以一个文件对应一个域名的配置，比如web服务器目录是/opt/htdocs
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
root /opt/htdocs/;
location / {
index index.html index.htm index.php; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
}
}此时启动了php-fpm并且启动了Nginx后，就可以通过http://localhost来运行php程序了
brew install mysql
可以通过
mysql.server startmysql.server stop
来启动／停止，启动后默认应为空密码，可以通过mysqladmin设置一个密码
mysqladmin -uroot password "mypassword"
但是在操作的时候出现了空密码无法登入的情况，最终只能通过mysqld_safe来设置
sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
mysql -u root
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('mypassword') WHERE User='root';mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;最后将MySQL加入开机启动
cp /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.22/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
brew install memcached
启动/停止指令
memcached -d killall memcached
加入开机启动
cp /usr/local/Cellar/memcached/1.4.20/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
brew install redis
Redis默认配置文件不允许以Deamon方式运行，因此需要先修改配置文件
vim /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
将daemonize修改为yes，然后载入配置文件即可实现后台进程启动
redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
加入开机启动
cp /usr/local/Cellar/redis/2.8.19/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
最后可以对所有服务的启动停止设置别名方便操作
vim ~/.bash_profile
加入
alias nginx.start='launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'alias nginx.stop='launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'alias nginx.restart='nginx.stop && nginx.start'alias php-fpm.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"alias php-fpm.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"alias php-fpm.restart='php-fpm.stop && php-fpm.start'alias mysql.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"alias mysql.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"alias mysql.restart='mysql.stop && mysql.start'alias redis.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"alias redis.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"alias redis.restart='redis.stop && redis.start'alias memcached.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"alias memcached.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"alias memcached.restart='memcached.stop && memcached.start'
brew install composer node
brew install zsh-completions chsh -s /usr/local/bin/zsh vim ~/.zshenv
加入内容
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
然后
vim ~/.zshrc
加入内容
fpath=(/usr/local/share/zsh-completions $fpath) autoload -Uz compinit compinit -u
最后运行
rm -f ~/.zcompdump; compinit
查看正在使用的shell
dscl localhost -read Local/Default/Users/$USER UserShell
安装Oh My Zsh
wget https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh -O - | sh
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