控制方式:1、使用“display:none”语句将元素移除出可访问性树,进而实现元素隐藏;2、使用“visibility: hidden”语句设置元素不可见;3、使用“opacity: 0”语句设置元素透明;4、让元素脱离屏幕显示位置等。
本教程操作环境:windows7系统、CSS3&&HTML5版、Dell G3电脑。
display : none
display属性可以设置元素的内部和外部显示类型。将display设置为none会将元素从可访问性树中移除。
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/> <title>display : none</title> <style type="text/css"> p { background-color: red; width: 100px; height: 100px; line-height: 100px; text-align: center; margin-top: 24px; } button { background-color: black; color: white; } #bt { display : none; } </style> </head> <body> <p> <button id="normal">按钮</button> </p> <p> <button id="bt">按钮</button> </p> <script type="text/javascript"> let normal = document.getElementById('normal'); let bt = document.getElementById('bt'); normal.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click normal'); }) bt.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click bt'); }) </script> </body> </html>
visibility: hidden
将visibility设置为hidden会使元素不可见,但此时元素仍然位于可访问性树中(display: none时元素被移出可访问性树 ),注册点击事件无效。
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/> <title>visibility: hidden</title> <style type="text/css"> p { background-color: red; width: 100px; height: 100px; line-height: 100px; text-align: center; margin-top: 24px; } button { background-color: black; color: white; } #bt { visibility: hidden; } </style> </head> <body> <p> <button id="normal">按钮</button> </p> <p> <button id="bt">按钮</button> </p> <script type="text/javascript"> let normal = document.getElementById('normal'); let bt = document.getElementById('bt'); normal.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click normal'); }) bt.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click bt'); }) </script> </body> </html>
opacity: 0
opacity(不透明度),取值范围0(完全透明) ~ 1(完全不透明),将opacity设置为0会使元素完全透明,此时元素不可见(因为它是透明的),仍然位于可访问性树中,注册点击事件有效。
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/> <title>opacity: 0</title> <style type="text/css"> p { background-color: red; width: 100px; height: 100px; line-height: 100px; text-align: center; margin-top: 24px; } button { background-color: black; color: white; } #bt { opacity: 0; } </style> </head> <body> <p> <button id="normal">按钮</button> </p> <p> <button id="bt">按钮</button> </p> <script type="text/javascript"> let normal = document.getElementById('normal'); let bt = document.getElementById('bt'); normal.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click normal'); }) bt.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click bt'); }) </script> </body> </html>
transparent
将元素的background-color、color和border-color设置为transparent(透明),此时元素不可见(因为它是透明的),仍然位于可访问性树中,注册点击事件有效。
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/> <title>transparent</title> <style type="text/css"> p { background-color: red; width: 100px; height: 100px; line-height: 100px; text-align: center; margin-top: 24px; } button { background-color: black; color: white; } #bt { color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-color: transparent; } </style> </head> <body> <p> <button id="normal">按钮</button> </p> <p> <button id="bt">按钮</button> </p> <script type="text/javascript"> let normal = document.getElementById('normal'); let bt = document.getElementById('bt'); normal.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click normal'); }) bt.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click bt'); }) </script> </body> </html>
rgba(0,0,0,0)
从技术上说,transparent是 rgba(0,0,0,0) 的简写,将元素的background-color、color和border-color设置为rgba(0,0,0,0)(透明),此时元素不可见(因为它是透明的),仍然位于可访问性树中,注册点击事件有效。
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/> <title>rgba(0,0,0,0)</title> <style type="text/css"> p { background-color: red; width: 100px; height: 100px; line-height: 100px; text-align: center; margin-top: 24px; } button { background-color: black; color: white; } #bt { color: rgba(0,0,0,0); background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0); border-color: rgba(0,0,0,0); } </style> </head> <body> <p> <button id="normal">按钮</button> </p> <p> <button id="bt">按钮</button> </p> <script type="text/javascript"> let normal = document.getElementById('normal'); let bt = document.getElementById('bt'); normal.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click normal'); }) bt.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click bt'); }) </script> </body> </html>
rgba只需要第四个参数为0即可达到隐藏元素的效果。
hsla(0,0%,0%,0)
hsla使用元素隐藏的机制与rgba一致,都是由第四个参数Alpha所控制的,将元素的background-color、color和border-color设置为hsla(0,0%,0%,0),此时元素不可见(因为它是透明的),仍然位于可访问性树中,注册点击事件有效。
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/> <title>hsla(0,0%,0%,0)</title> <style type="text/css"> p { background-color: red; width: 100px; height: 100px; line-height: 100px; text-align: center; margin-top: 24px; } button { background-color: black; color: white; } #bt { color: hsla(0,0%,0%,0); background-color: hsla(0,0%,0%,0); border-color: hsla(0,0%,0%,0); } </style> </head> <body> <p> <button id="normal">按钮</button> </p> <p> <button id="bt">按钮</button> </p> <script type="text/javascript"> let normal = document.getElementById('normal'); let bt = document.getElementById('bt'); normal.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click normal'); }) bt.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click bt'); }) </script> </body> </html>
hsla和rgba一致,只需要第四个参数为0即可达到隐藏元素的效果。
filter: opacity(0%)
filter(滤镜) opacity(0% ~ 100%)转化图像的透明程度,值范围于0%(完全透明) ~ 100%(完全不透明)之间。将元素的filter设置为opacity(0%),此时元素不可见(因为它是透明的),仍然位于可访问性树中,注册点击事件有效。
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/> <title>filter: opacity(0%)</title> <style type="text/css"> p { background-color: red; width: 100px; height: 100px; line-height: 100px; text-align: center; margin-top: 24px; } button { background-color: black; color: white; } #bt { filter: opacity(0%); } </style> </head> <body> <p> <button id="normal">按钮</button> </p> <p> <button id="bt">按钮</button> </p> <script type="text/javascript"> let normal = document.getElementById('normal'); let bt = document.getElementById('bt'); normal.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click normal'); }) bt.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click bt'); }) </script> </body> </html>
transform: scale(0, 0)
将transform设置为scale(0, 0)会使元素在x轴和y轴上都缩放到0像素,此元素会显示,也会占用位置,但是因为已经缩放到0%,元素和内容占用像素比为0*0,所以看不到此元素及其内容,也无法点击。
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/> <title>transform: scale(0, 0)</title> <style type="text/css"> p { background-color: red; width: 100px; height: 100px; line-height: 100px; text-align: center; margin-top: 24px; } button { background-color: black; color: white; } #bt { transform: scale(0,0); } </style> </head> <body> <p> <button id="normal">按钮</button> </p> <p> <button id="bt">按钮</button> </p> <script type="text/javascript"> let normal = document.getElementById('normal'); let bt = document.getElementById('bt'); normal.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click normal'); }) bt.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click bt'); }) </script> </body> </html>
width: 0;height: 0;overflow: hidden
将width和height都设置为0,使元素占用像素比为0*0,但此时会出现两种情况:
当元素的display属性为inline时,元素内容会将元素宽高拉开;
当元素的display属性为block或inline-block时,元素宽高为0,但元素内容依旧正常显示,此时再加上overflow:hidden;即可裁剪掉元素外的元素内容。
这个方法跟transform: scale(0,0)的不同点在于:transform: scale(0,0)是将元素与内容都进行缩放,而此方法是将元素缩放到0px,再裁剪掉元素外的元素内容。
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/> <title>width: 0;height: 0;overflow: hidden</title> <style type="text/css"> p { background-color: red; width: 100px; height: 100px; line-height: 100px; text-align: center; margin-top: 24px; } button { background-color: black; color: white; } #bt { width:0; height:0; overflow: hidden; border-width: 0;/* user agent stylesheet中border-width: 2px; */ padding: 0;/* user agent stylesheet中padding: 1px 6px; */ } </style> </head> <body> <p> <button id="normal">按钮</button> </p> <p> <button id="bt">按钮</button> </p> <script type="text/javascript"> let normal = document.getElementById('normal'); let bt = document.getElementById('bt'); normal.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click normal'); }) bt.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click bt'); }) </script> </body> </html>
脱离屏幕显示位置同样可以使元素不可见,但是达到这种效果的css样式太多了,这里只举例一种情况说明。
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="charset" content="utf-8"/> <title>脱离屏幕显示位置</title> <style type="text/css"> p { background-color: red; width: 100px; height: 100px; line-height: 100px; text-align: center; margin-top: 24px; } button { background-color: black; color: white; } #bt { position: fixed; top: -100px; left: -100px; } </style> </head> <body> <p> <button id="normal">按钮</button> </p> <p> <button id="bt">按钮</button> </p> <script type="text/javascript"> let normal = document.getElementById('normal'); let bt = document.getElementById('bt'); normal.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click normal'); }) bt.addEventListener('click',function(){ alert('click bt'); }) </script> </body> </html>
(学习视频分享:css视频教程)
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