方法：1、“show charset”语句，查看MYSQL所支持的字符集；2、“show create database 库名\G”语句，查看库的字符集；3、“show full columns from 表名”，查看表中所有列的字符集。
本教程操作环境：windows7系统、mysql8版本、Dell G3电脑。
查看字符集
1、查看MYSQL数据库服务器和数据库字符集
方法一：show variables like '%character%';
方法二：show variables like 'collation%';
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方法一：
mysql> show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql5535/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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方法二：
mysql> show variables like 'collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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2、查看MYSQL所支持的字符集
使用show charset可查看MYSQL所支持的字符集
mysql> show charset;
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 |
| dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |
| cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 |
| hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 |
| koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 |
| latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |
| latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 |
| swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 |
| ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 |
| ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 |
| sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 |
| hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 |
| tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 |
| euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 |
| koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 |
| gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 |
| greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 |
| gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |
| latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |
| ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 |
| cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 |
| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 |
| macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 |
| macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 |
| cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 |
| latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 |
| utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 |
| utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 |
| binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 |
| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 |
| cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 |
| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
39 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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3、查看库的字符集
语法：show create database 数据库\G;
mysql> show create database shiyan\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: shiyan
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `shiyan` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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4、查看表的字符集
语法：show table status from 库名 like 表名;
mysql> show table status from class_7 like 'test_info';
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+-
| Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_leate_time | Update_time | Check_time | Collation | Checksum |
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+-
| test_info | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 10 | 1638 | 17-12-05 19:01:55 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL |
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+-
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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5、查看表中所有列的字符集
语法：show full columns from 表名;
mysql> show full columns from test_info;
+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment |
+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id | int(3) | NULL | NO | PRI | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
| name | char(12) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
| dorm | char(10) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
| addr | char(12) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | 未知 | | select,insert,update,references | |
| score | int(3) | NULL | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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