本篇文章带大家继续angular的学习,简单了解一下Angular中的Http处理,介绍一下错误处理和请求拦截,希望对大家有所帮助!
用 Angular 提供的 HttpClient 可以很轻松的实现 API 接口的访问。【相关教程推荐:《angular教程》】
举个例子 新建一个 http.service.ts
可以在 environment
中配置不同环境的 host 地址
再贴一下 proxy.config.json
第一章中有介绍到
{ "/api": { "target": "http://124.223.71.181", "secure": true, "logLevel": "debug", "changeOrigin": true, "headers": { "Origin": "http://124.223.71.181" } } }
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http'; import { Injectable } from '@angular/core'; import { environment } from '@env'; @Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' }) export class HttpService { constructor(private http: HttpClient) {} public echoCode(method: 'get' | 'post' | 'delete' | 'put' | 'patch' = 'get', params: { code: number }) { switch (method) { case 'get': case 'delete': return this.http[method](`${environment.backend}/echo-code`, { params }); case 'patch': case 'put': case 'post': return this.http[method](`${environment.backend}/echo-code`, params); } } }
然后在业务中 我们就可以这样使用
import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core'; import { HttpService } from './http.service'; @Component({ selector: 'http', standalone: true, templateUrl: './http.component.html', }) export class HttpComponent implements OnInit { constructor(private http: HttpService) {} ngOnInit(): void { this.http.echoCode('get', { code: 200 }).subscribe(console.log); this.http.echoCode('post', { code: 200 }).subscribe(console.log); this.http.echoCode('delete', { code: 301 }).subscribe(console.log); this.http.echoCode('put', { code: 403 }).subscribe(console.log); this.http.echoCode('patch', { code: 500 }).subscribe(console.log); } }
这看起来非常简单 类似 Axios
下面介绍一下一些常用的用法
this.http .echoCode('get', { code: 200 }) .pipe(catchError((err: HttpErrorResponse) => of(err))) .subscribe((x) => { if (x instanceof HttpErrorResponse) { // do something } else { // do something } });
请求拦截是比较常用的
例如 你可以在这里判断 cookie 是否有效 / 全局错误处理 ...
新建 http-interceptor.ts
文件 ( 文件名可以随意 )
最主要的是要实现 HttpInterceptor
的 intercept
方法
import { HttpInterceptor, HttpRequest, HttpHandler, HttpResponse, HttpErrorResponse } from '@angular/common/http'; import { Injectable } from '@angular/core'; import { Observable, of, throwError } from 'rxjs'; import { filter, catchError } from 'rxjs/operators'; import { HttpEvent } from '@angular/common/http'; @Injectable() export class HttpInterceptorService implements HttpInterceptor { constructor() {} intercept(req: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> { return next .handle(req) .pipe(filter((event) => event instanceof HttpResponse)) .pipe( catchError((error) => { console.log('catch error', error); return of(error); }) ); } }
然后在 module 中的 providers 中使用 这个拦截器就生效了
@NgModule({ imports: [RouterModule.forChild(routes)], exports: [RouterModule], providers: [ { provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS, useClass: HttpInterceptorService, multi: true, }, ], }) export class XXXModule {}
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