Java怎么用Jackson序列化实现数据脱敏

1.背景

在项目中有些敏感信息不能直接展示，比如客户手机号、身份证、车牌号等信息，展示时均需要进行数据脱敏，防止泄露客户隐私。脱敏即是对数据的部分信息用脱敏符号（*）处理。

2.目标

• 在服务端返回数据时，利用Jackson序列化完成数据脱敏，达到对敏感信息脱敏展示。

• 降低重复开发量，提升开发效率

• 形成统一有效的脱敏规则

• 可基于重写默认脱敏实现的desensitize方法，实现可扩展、可自定义的个性化业务场景的脱敏需求

3.主要实现

3.1基于Jackson的自定义脱敏序列化实现

StdSerializer：所有标准序列化程序所使用的基类，这个是编写自定义序列化程序所推荐使用的基类。

ContextualSerializer： 是Jackson 提供的另一个序列化相关的接口，它的作用是通过字段已知的上下文信息定制JsonSerializer。

package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.serializer;


import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.BeanProperty;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonSerializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.ContextualSerializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.std.StdSerializer;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.Symbol;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.annotation.Desensitize;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.Desensitization;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.DesensitizationFactory;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.DefaultDesensitization;




import java.io.IOException;




/**
 * 脱敏序列化器
 *
 * @author zhangxiaoxu15
 * @date 2022/2/8 11:10
 */
public class ObjectDesensitizeSerializer extends StdSerializer<Object> implements ContextualSerializer {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -7868746622368564541L;
    private transient Desensitization<Object> desensitization;
    protected ObjectDesensitizeSerializer() {
        super(Object.class);
    }
    public Desensitization<Object> getDesensitization() {
        return desensitization;
    }
    public void setDesensitization(Desensitization<Object> desensitization) {
        this.desensitization = desensitization;
    }
    @Override
    public JsonSerializer<Object> createContextual(SerializerProvider prov, BeanProperty property) {
//获取属性注解
        Desensitize annotation = property.getAnnotation(Desensitize.class);
        return createContextual(annotation.desensitization());
    }
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public JsonSerializer<Object> createContextual(Class<? extends Desensitization<?>> clazz) {
        ObjectDesensitizeSerializer serializer = new ObjectDesensitizeSerializer();
        if (clazz != DefaultDesensitization.class) {
            serializer.setDesensitization((Desensitization<Object>) DesensitizationFactory.getDesensitization(clazz));
        }
        return serializer;
    }
    @Override
    public void serialize(Object value, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider provider) throws IOException {
        Desensitization<Object> objectDesensitization = getDesensitization();
        if (objectDesensitization != null) {
            try {
                gen.writeObject(objectDesensitization.desensitize(value));
            } catch (Exception e) {
                gen.writeObject(value);
            }
        } else if (value instanceof String) {
            gen.writeString(Symbol.getSymbol(((String) value).length(), Symbol.STAR));
        } else {
            gen.writeObject(value);
        }

注：createContextual可以获得字段的类型以及注解。当字段拥有自定义注解时，取出注解中的值创建定制的序列化方式，这样在serialize方法中便可以得到这个值了。createContextual方法只会在第一次序列化字段时调用（因为字段的上下文信息在运行期不会改变），所以无需关心性能问题。

3.2定义脱敏接口、以及工厂实现

3.2.1脱敏器接口定义

package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization;


/**
 * 脱敏器
 *
 * @author zhangxiaoxu15
 * @date 2022/2/8 10:56
 */
public interface Desensitization<T> {
    /**
     * 脱敏实现
     *
     * @param target 脱敏对象
     * @return 脱敏返回结果
     */
    T desensitize(T target);
}

3.2.2脱敏器工厂实现

package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;


/**
 * 工厂方法
 *
 * @author zhangxiaoxu15
 * @date 2022/2/8 10:58
 */
public class DesensitizationFactory {
    private DesensitizationFactory() {
    }
    private static final Map<Class<?>, Desensitization<?>> map = new HashMap<>();




    @SuppressWarnings("all")
    public static Desensitization<?> getDesensitization(Class<?> clazz) {
        if (clazz.isInterface()) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("desensitization is interface, what is expected is an implementation class !");
        }
        return map.computeIfAbsent(clazz, key -> {
            try {
                return (Desensitization<?>) clazz.newInstance();
            } catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e) {
                throw new UnsupportedOperationException(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        });

3.3常用的脱敏器实现

3.3.1默认脱敏实现

可基于默认实现，扩展实现个性化场景

package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization;


/**
 * 默认脱敏实现
 *
 * @author zhangxiaoxu15
 * @date 2022/2/8 11:01
 */
public interface DefaultDesensitization extends Desensitization<String> {
}

3.3.2手机号脱敏器

实现对手机号中间4位号码脱敏

package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.Symbol;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;


/**
 * 手机号脱敏器，保留前3位和后4位
 *
 * @author zhangxiaoxu15
 * @date 2022/2/8 11:02
 */
public class MobileNoDesensitization implements DefaultDesensitization {
    /**
     * 手机号正则
     */
    private static final Pattern DEFAULT_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("(13[0-9]|14[579]|15[0-3,5-9]|16[6]|17[0135678]|18[0-9]|19[89])\d{8}");




    @Override
    public String desensitize(String target) {
        Matcher matcher = DEFAULT_PATTERN.matcher(target);
        while (matcher.find()) {
            String group = matcher.group();
            target = target.replace(group, group.substring(0, 3) + Symbol.getSymbol(4, Symbol.STAR) + group.substring(7, 11));
        }
        return target;

3.4注解定义

通过@JacksonAnnotationsInside实现自定义注解，提高易用性

package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.annotation;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JacksonAnnotationsInside;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.annotation.JsonSerialize;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.Desensitization;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.serializer.ObjectDesensitizeSerializer;
import java.lang.annotation.*;


/**
 * 脱敏注解
 *
 * @author zhangxiaoxu15
 * @date 2022/2/8 11:09
 */
@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@JacksonAnnotationsInside
@JsonSerialize(using = ObjectDesensitizeSerializer.class)
@Documented
public @interface Desensitize {
    /**
     * 对象脱敏器实现
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("all")
    Class<? extends Desensitization<?>> desensitization();

3.4.1默认脱敏注解

package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.annotation;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JacksonAnnotationsInside;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.DefaultDesensitization;
import java.lang.annotation.*;




/**
 * 默认脱敏注解
 *
 * @author zhangxiaoxu15
 * @date 2022/2/8 11:14
 */
@Target({ElementType.FIELD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@JacksonAnnotationsInside
@Desensitize(desensitization = DefaultDesensitization.class)
@Documented
public @interface DefaultDesensitize {

3.4.2手机号脱敏注解

package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.annotation;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JacksonAnnotationsInside;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.MobileNoDesensitization;
import java.lang.annotation.*;


/**
 * 手机号脱敏
 *
 * @author zhangxiaoxu15
 * @date 2022/2/8 11:18
 */
@Target({ElementType.FIELD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@JacksonAnnotationsInside
@Desensitize(desensitization = MobileNoDesensitization.class)
@Documented
public @interface MobileNoDesensitize {
}

3.5定义脱敏符号

支持指定脱敏符号，例如* 或是 ^_^

package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;


/**
 * 脱敏符号
 *
 * @author zhangxiaoxu15
 * @date 2022/2/8 10:53
 */
public class Symbol {
    /**
     * '*'脱敏符
     */
    public static final String STAR = "*";
    private Symbol() {}
    /**
     * 获取符号
     *
     * @param number 符号个数
     * @param symbol 符号
     */
    public static String getSymbol(int number, String symbol) {
        return IntStream.range(0, number).mapToObj(i -> symbol).collect(Collectors.joining());
    }

4.使用样例&执行流程剖析

程序类图

**执行流程剖析**

1.调用JsonUtil.toJsonString()开始执行序列化

2.识别属性mobile上的注解@MobileNoDesensitize(上文3.4.2)

3.调用ObjectDesensitizeSerializer#createContextual(上文3.1 & 3.2)，返回JsonSerializer

4.调用手机号脱敏实现MobileNoDesensitization#desensitize(上文3.3.2)

5.输出脱敏后的序列化结果，{"mobile":"133****5678"}

不难发现核心执行流程是第3步，但是@MobileNoDesensitize与ObjectDesensitizeSerializer又是如何联系起来的呢？

• 尝试梳理下引用链路：@MobileNoDesensitize -> @Desensitize -> @JsonSerialize -> ObjectDesensitizeSerializer

• 但是，在ObjectDesensitizeSerializer的实现中，我们似乎却没有发现上述链路的直接调用关系

• 这就不得不说下Jackson元注解的概念

//**Jackson元注解**
//1.提到元注解这个词，大家会想到@Target、@Retention、@Documented、@Inherited
//2.Jackson也以同样的思路设计了@JacksonAnnotationsInside


/**
 * Meta-annotation (annotations used on other annotations)
 * used for indicating that instead of using target annotation
 * (annotation annotated with this annotation),
 * Jackson should use meta-annotations it has.
 * This can be useful in creating "combo-annotations" by having
 * a container annotation, which needs to be annotated with this
 * annotation as well as all annotations it 'contains'.
 * 
 * @since 2.0
 */
@Target({ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@JacksonAnnotation
public @interface JacksonAnnotationsInside
{
}

正是通过”combo-annotations”(组合注解、捆绑注解)的机制，实现了指示Jackson应该使用其拥有的元注释，而不是使用目标注释，从而实现了自定义脱敏实现设计目标。

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