如何使用Java HttpClient发送HTTP请求
java
httpclient
1、导入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.58</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
<version>4.5.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
<version>4.4.13</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.7</version>
</dependency>登录后复制
2、使用工具类
该工具类将get请求和post请求当中几种传参方式都写了，其中有get地址栏传参、get的params传参、post的params传参、post的json传参。
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.HttpMultipartMode;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class HttpClientUtil {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpClientUtil.class);
private static final int DEFULT_TIMEOUT = 30 * 1000;//默认超时时间20秒
/**
* 可以访问 http://localhost:9005/yzhwsj/addPersonal/1/2 这样的接口
* @param url
* @param headers
* @param urlParam
* @param timeout
* @return
*/
private static String doUrlGet(String url, Map<String, String> headers, List<String> urlParam, Integer timeout) {
//创建httpClient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
String resultString = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
//创建uri
if (urlParam != null){
for (String param : urlParam) {
url = url + "/" + param;
}
}
//创建hTTP get请求
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
//设置超时时间
int timeoutTmp = DEFULT_TIMEOUT;
if (timeout != null) {
timeoutTmp = timeout;
}
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(timeoutTmp)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeoutTmp).setSocketTimeout(timeoutTmp).build();
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
//设置头信息
if (null != headers) {
for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
httpGet.setHeader(key, headers.get(key));
}
}
//执行请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) {
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), Consts.UTF_8);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("http调用异常" + e.toString(), e);
} finally {
try {
if (null != response) {
response.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("response关闭异常" + e.toString(), e);
}
try {
if (null != httpClient) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("httpClient关闭异常" + e.toString(), e);
}
}
return resultString;
}
/**
* @param url
* @param headers
* @param params
* @param timeout
* @return
*/
private static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, Object> params, Integer timeout) {
//创建httpClient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
String resultString = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
// 1.创建uri
URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
if (params != null) {
//uri添加参数
for (String key : params.keySet()) {
builder.addParameter(key, String.valueOf(params.get(key)));
}
}
URI uri = builder.build();
// 2.创建hTTP get请求
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
// 3.设置超时时间
int timeoutTmp = DEFULT_TIMEOUT;
if (timeout != null) {
timeoutTmp = timeout;
}
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(timeoutTmp)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeoutTmp).setSocketTimeout(timeoutTmp).build();
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
// 4.设置头信息
if (null != headers) {
for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
httpGet.setHeader(key, headers.get(key));
}
}
// 5.执行请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) {
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), Consts.UTF_8);
}
} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
logger.error("http调用异常" + e.toString(), e);
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("http调用异常" + e.toString(), e);
} finally {
try {
if (null != response) {
response.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("response关闭异常" + e.toString(), e);
}
try {
if (null != httpClient) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("httpClient关闭异常" + e.toString(), e);
}
}
return resultString;
}
/**
* 调用http post请求（json数据）
*
* @param url
* @param headers
* @param json
* @return
*/
public static String doJsonPost(String url, Map<String, String> headers, JSONObject json, Integer timeout) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String resultString = "";
try {
// 1.创建http post请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 2.设置超时时间
int timeoutTmp = DEFULT_TIMEOUT;
if (timeout != null) {
timeoutTmp = timeout;
}
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(timeoutTmp)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeoutTmp).setSocketTimeout(timeoutTmp).build();
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
// 3.设置参数信息
StringEntity s = new StringEntity(json.toString(), Consts.UTF_8);
// 发送json数据需要设置的contentType
s.setContentType("application/json");
httpPost.setEntity(s);
// 4.设置头信息
if (headers != null) {
for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
httpPost.setHeader(key, headers.get(key));
}
}
// 5.执行http请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), Consts.UTF_8);
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
logger.error("调用http异常" + e.toString(), e);
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
logger.error("调用http异常" + e.toString(), e);
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("调用http异常" + e.toString(), e);
} finally {
try {
if (null != response) {
response.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("关闭response异常" + e.toString(), e);
}
try {
if (null != httpClient) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("关闭httpClient异常" + e.toString(), e);
}
}
return resultString;
}
/**
* 调用http post请求 基础方法
*
* @param url 请求的url
* @param headers 请求头
* @param params 参数
* @param timeout 超时时间
* @return
*/
public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, Object> params, Integer timeout) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String resultString = "";
try {
// 1.创建http post请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 2.设置超时时间
int timeoutTmp = DEFULT_TIMEOUT;
if (timeout != null) {
timeoutTmp = timeout;
}
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(timeoutTmp)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeoutTmp).setSocketTimeout(timeoutTmp).build();
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
// 3.设置参数信息
if (params != null) {
List<NameValuePair> paramList = new ArrayList<>();
for (String key : params.keySet()) {
paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, String.valueOf(params.get(key))));
}
// 模拟表单
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList, Consts.UTF_8);
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
}
// 4.设置头信息
if (headers != null) {
for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
httpPost.setHeader(key, headers.get(key));
}
}
// 5.执行http请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), Consts.UTF_8);
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
logger.error("调用http异常" + e.toString(), e);
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
logger.error("调用http异常" + e.toString(), e);
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("调用http异常" + e.toString(), e);
} finally {
try {
if (null != response) {
response.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("关闭response异常" + e.toString(), e);
}
try {
if (null != httpClient) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("关闭httpClient异常" + e.toString(), e);
}
}
return resultString;
}
/**
* 通过httpClient上传文件
*
* @param url 请求的URL
* @param headers 请求头参数
* @param path 文件路径
* @param fileName 文件名称
* @param timeout 超时时间
* @return
*/
public static String UploadFileByHttpClient(String url, Map<String, String> headers, String path, String fileName, Integer timeout) {
String resultString = "";
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
InputStream content = null;
BufferedReader in = null;
try {
// 1.创建http post请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 2.设置超时时间
int timeoutTmp = DEFULT_TIMEOUT;
if (timeout != null) {
timeoutTmp = timeout;
}
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(timeoutTmp)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeoutTmp).setSocketTimeout(timeoutTmp).build();
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
// 3.设置参数信息
// HttpMultipartMode.RFC6532参数的设定是为避免文件名为中文时乱码
MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().setMode(HttpMultipartMode.RFC6532);
// 上传文件的路径
File file = new File(path + File.separator + fileName);
builder.setCharset(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
builder.addBinaryBody("file", file, ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA, fileName);
HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
// 4.设置头信息
if (headers != null) {
for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
httpPost.setHeader(key, headers.get(key));
}
}
// 5.执行http请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), Consts.UTF_8);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("上传文件失败：", e);
} finally {
try {
if (null != httpClient) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("关闭httpClient异常" + e.toString(), e);
}
try {
if (null != content) {
content.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("关闭content异常" + e.toString(), e);
}
try {
if (null != in) {
in.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("关闭in异常" + e.toString(), e);
}
}
return resultString;
}
}
/**
* 通过httpClient批量上传文件
*
* @param url 请求的URL
* @param headers 请求头参数
* @param params 参数
* @param paths 文件路径(key文件名称，value路径)
* @param timeout 超时时间
* @return
*/
public static String UploadFilesByHttpClient(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> paths, Integer timeout) {
String resultString = "";
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
InputStream content = null;
BufferedReader in = null;
try {
// 1.创建http post请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 2.设置超时时间
int timeoutTmp = DEFULT_TIMEOUT;
if (timeout != null) {
timeoutTmp = timeout;
}
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(timeoutTmp)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeoutTmp).setSocketTimeout(timeoutTmp).build();
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
// 3.设置文件信息
// HttpMultipartMode.RFC6532参数的设定是为避免文件名为中文时乱码
MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().setMode(HttpMultipartMode.RFC6532);
builder.setCharset(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
// 上传文件的路径
for (Map.Entry<String, String> m : paths.entrySet()) {
File file = new File(m.getValue() + File.separator + m.getKey());
builder.addBinaryBody("files", file, ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA, m.getKey());
}
// 4.设置参数信息
ContentType contentType = ContentType.create("text/plain", Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
for (Map.Entry<String, String> param : params.entrySet()) {
builder.addTextBody(param.getKey(), param.getValue(), contentType);
}
HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
// 5.设置头信息
if (headers != null) {
for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
httpPost.setHeader(key, headers.get(key));
}
}
// 6.执行http请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), Consts.UTF_8);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("上传文件失败：", e);
} finally {
try {
if (null != httpClient) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("关闭httpClient异常" + e.toString(), e);
}
try {
if (null != content) {
content.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("关闭content异常" + e.toString(), e);
}
try {
if (null != in) {
in.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("关闭in异常" + e.toString(), e);
}
}
return resultString;
}登录后复制
3、扩展
上面的工具类，方法都携带了token和超时时间，假如接口用不到可以做接口拓展。例如：
/**
* 调用http get请求
*
* @param url
* @param params
* @return
*/
public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, Object> params) {
return doGet(url, null, params, null);
}登录后复制
如果涉及到put请求和delete请求，跟上面都差不多，只不过创建请求的时候改为:
HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(); HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut();
登录后复制
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