一.软件下载
https://nmap.org/download.html
二.扫描IP
nmap 192.168.1.10 #扫描单IP
nmap 192.168.1.10-100 #扫描IP段
nmap 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.11 #扫描单独的多IP
nmap 192.168.1.1/24 #扫描整个网段
nmap -iL list.txt #根据文件列表扫描
#list.txt
192.168.1.20
192.168.1.21
nmap -iR 3 # 随机扫描3个IP
nmap 192.168.1.10-100 --exclude 192.168.1.20 #排除指定IP
nmap 192.168.1.1/24 --excludefile list.txt #从文件中取出排除IP
nmap -A 192.168.1.10 #-Ａ将绝大多数有用的扫描命令集成在一起
－ｏ 用来识别远程操作系统
－ｓＣ 用来运行默认的脚本扫描
-Pn #Ping No不用ping 扫描
-sP #simple Ping 简单嗅探一个网络里面的在线主机
-PS #用ping 进行扫描
-PU #嗅控UDP
-p # 0-65535 #指定端口
-PA # ACK协议
-PY #CTP协议
-PE #不带参数默认的方式 ICMP
-PP #ICMP时间戳嗅控命令，用来嗅探被防火墙保护的目标
-PO1，2，3 #选择不同协议扫描1是ICMP 2 IGMP 4 IP
--traceroute IP #路由过程
-R #DNS反向查的
nmap --system-dns 192.168.1.10 #使用主机系统各DNS自己的解析器
nmap --dns-servers 202.103.24.68 192.168.1.10 #指定DNS服务器
nmap -sL 192.168.1/24 #快速得到主机列表
-sS #TCP SYN 扫描
-sT #
Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org )
Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
TARGET SPECIFICATION:
Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.
Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254
-iL : Input from list of hosts/networks
-iR : Choose random targets
--exclude : Exclude hosts/networks
--excludefile : Exclude list from file
HOST DISCOVERY:
-sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan
-sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan
-Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery
-PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports
-PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
-PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
-n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]
--dns-servers : Specify custom DNS servers
--system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver
--traceroute: Trace hop path to each host
SCAN TECHNIQUES:
-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans
-sU: UDP Scan
-sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans
--scanflags : Customize TCP scan flags
-sI : Idle scan
-sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans
-sO: IP protocol scan
开通协议扫描
-b : FTP bounce scan
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:
-p : Only scan specified ports 指定扫描的端口
Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9
--exclude-ports : Exclude the specified ports from scanning
-F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan 快速扫描1000多个常用端口
-r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize
--top-ports : Scan most common ports
--port-ratio : Scan ports more common than
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:
-sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
--version-intensity : Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)
--version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)
--version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)
--version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
SCRIPT SCAN:
-sC: equivalent to --script=default
--script=: is a comma separated list of
directories, script-files or script-categories
--script-args=: provide arguments to scripts
--script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file
--script-trace: Show all data sent and received
--script-updatedb: Update the script database.
--script-help=: Show help about scripts.
is a comma-separated list of script-files or
script-categories.
OS DETECTION:
-O: Enable OS detection
--osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
--osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:
Options which take
's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
-T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)
--min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup : Parallel host scan group sizes
--min-parallelism/max-parallelism : Probe parallelization
--min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout
probe round trip time.
--max-retries : Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
--host-timeout
--scan-delay/--max-scan-delay
--min-rate : Send packets no slower than per second
--max-rate : Send packets no faster than per second
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:
-f; --mtu : fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
-D : Cloak a scan with decoys
-S : Spoof source address
-e : Use specified interface
-g/--source-port : Use given port number
--proxies : Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies
--data : Append a custom payload to sent packets
--data-string : Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets
--data-length : Append random data to sent packets
--ip-options : Send packets with specified ip options
--ttl : Set IP time-to-live field
--spoof-mac : Spoof your MAC address
--badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum
OUTPUT:
-oN/-oX/-oS/-oG : Output scan in normal, XML, s| and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
-oA : Output in the three major formats at once
-v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
-d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
--reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
--open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
--packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
--iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
--append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
--resume : Resume an aborted scan
--stylesheet : XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
--webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
--no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
MISC:
-6: Enable IPv6 scanning
-A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
--datadir : Specify custom Nmap data file location
--send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets 隐藏IP
--privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
--unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
-V: Print version number
-h: Print this help summary page.
EXAMPLES:
nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8
nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80
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