今天这篇文章聊一聊接口安全问题，涉及到接口的加密、解密。
和产品、前端同学对外需求后，梳理了相关技术方案， 主要的需求点如下：
需求解析：
按本次需求来简单还原问题，定义两个对象，后面用得着，
用户类：
@Data
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private UserType userType = UserType.COMMON;
@JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
private LocalDateTime registerTime;
}用户类型枚举类：
@Getter
@JsonFormat(shape = JsonFormat.Shape.OBJECT)
public enum UserType {
VIP("VIP用户"),
COMMON("普通用户");
private String code;
private String type;
UserType(String type) {
this.code = name();
this.type = type;
}
}构造一个简单的用户列表查询示例：
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = {"/user", "/secret/user"})
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("/list")
ResponseEntity<List<User>> listUser() {
List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();
User u = new User();
u.setId(1);
u.setName("boyka");
u.setRegisterTime(LocalDateTime.now());
u.setUserType(UserType.COMMON);
users.add(u);
ResponseEntity<List<User>> response = new ResponseEntity<>();
response.setCode(200);
response.setData(users);
response.setMsg("用户列表查询成功");
return response;
}
}调用：localhost:8080/user/list
查询结果如下，没毛病：
{
"code": 200,
"data": [{
"id": 1,
"name": "boyka",
"userType": {
"code": "COMMON",
"type": "普通用户"
},
"registerTime": "2022-03-24 23:58:39"
}],
"msg": "用户列表查询成功"
}目前主要是利用ControllerAdvice来对请求和响应体进行拦截，主要定义SecretRequestAdvice对请求进行加密和SecretResponseAdvice对响应进行加密(实际情况会稍微复杂一点，项目中又GET类型请求，自定义了一个Filter进行不同的请求解密处理)。
好了，网上的ControllerAdvice使用示例非常多，我这把两个核心方法给大家展示看看，相信大佬们一看就晓得了，不需多言。上代码：
SecretRequestAdvice请求解密：
@ControllerAdvice
@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Slf4j
public class SecretRequestAdvice extends RequestBodyAdviceAdapter {
@Override
public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type type, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> aClass){
return true;
}
@Override
public HttpInputMessage beforeBodyRead(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) throws IOException {
//如果支持加密消息，进行消息解密。
String httpBody;
if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(SecretFilter.secretThreadLocal.get())) {
httpBody = decryptBody(inputMessage);
} else {
httpBody = StreamUtils.copyToString(inputMessage.getBody(), Charset.defaultCharset());
}
//返回处理后的消息体给messageConvert
return new SecretHttpMessage(new ByteArrayInputStream(httpBody.getBytes()), inputMessage.getHeaders());
}
/**
* 解密消息体
*
* @param inputMessage 消息体
* @return 明文
*/
private String decryptBody(HttpInputMessage inputMessage) throws IOException {
InputStream encryptStream = inputMessage.getBody();
String requestBody = StreamUtils.copyToString(encryptStream, Charset.defaultCharset());
// 验签过程
HttpHeaders headers = inputMessage.getHeaders();
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headers.get("clientType"))
|| CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headers.get("timestamp"))
|| CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headers.get("salt"))
|| CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headers.get("signature"))) {
throw new ResultException(SECRET_API_ERROR, "请求解密参数错误，clientType、timestamp、salt、signature等参数传递是否正确传递");
}
String timestamp = String.valueOf(Objects.requireNonNull(headers.get("timestamp")).get(0));
String salt = String.valueOf(Objects.requireNonNull(headers.get("salt")).get(0));
String signature = String.valueOf(Objects.requireNonNull(headers.get("signature")).get(0));
String privateKey = SecretFilter.clientPrivateKeyThreadLocal.get();
ReqSecret reqSecret = JSON.parseObject(requestBody, ReqSecret.class);
String data = reqSecret.getData();
String newSignature = "";
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(privateKey)) {
newSignature = Md5Utils.genSignature(timestamp + salt + data + privateKey);
}
if (!newSignature.equals(signature)) {
// 验签失败
throw new ResultException(SECRET_API_ERROR, "验签失败，请确认加密方式是否正确");
}
try {
String decrypt = EncryptUtils.aesDecrypt(data, privateKey);
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(decrypt)) {
decrypt = "{}";
}
return decrypt;
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("error: ", e);
}
throw new ResultException(SECRET_API_ERROR, "解密失败");
}
}SecretResponseAdvice响应加密：
@ControllerAdvice
public class SecretResponseAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SecretResponseAdvice.class);
@Override
public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Class aClass){
return true;
}
@Override
public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object o, MethodParameter methodParameter, MediaType mediaType, Class aClass, ServerHttpRequest serverHttpRequest, ServerHttpResponse serverHttpResponse){
// 判断是否需要加密
Boolean respSecret = SecretFilter.secretThreadLocal.get();
String secretKey = SecretFilter.clientPrivateKeyThreadLocal.get();
// 清理本地缓存
SecretFilter.secretThreadLocal.remove();
SecretFilter.clientPrivateKeyThreadLocal.remove();
if (null != respSecret && respSecret) {
if (o instanceof ResponseBasic) {
// 外层加密级异常
if (SECRET_API_ERROR == ((ResponseBasic) o).getCode()) {
return SecretResponseBasic.fail(((ResponseBasic) o).getCode(), ((ResponseBasic) o).getData(), ((ResponseBasic) o).getMsg());
}
// 业务逻辑
try {
String data = EncryptUtils.aesEncrypt(JSON.toJSONString(o), secretKey);
// 增加签名
long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000;
int salt = EncryptUtils.genSalt();
String dataNew = timestamp + "" + salt + "" + data + secretKey;
String newSignature = Md5Utils.genSignature(dataNew);
return SecretResponseBasic.success(data, timestamp, salt, newSignature);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("beforeBodyWrite error:", e);
return SecretResponseBasic.fail(SECRET_API_ERROR, "", "服务端处理结果数据异常");
}
}
}
return o;
}
}OK， 代码Demo撸好了，试运行一波：
请求方法：
localhost:8080/secret/user/list
header:
Content-Type:application/json
signature:55efb04a83ca083dd1e6003cde127c45
timestamp:1648308048
salt:123456
clientType:ANDORID
body体:
// 原始请求体
{
"page": 1,
"size": 10
}
// 加密后的请求体
{
"data": "1ZBecdnDuMocxAiW9UtBrJzlvVbueP9K0MsIxQccmU3OPG92oRinVm0GxBwdlXXJ"
}
// 加密响应体：
{
"data": "fxHYvnIE54eAXDbErdrDryEsIYNvsOOkyEKYB1iBcre/QU1wMowHE2BNX/je6OP3NlsCtAeDqcp7J1N332el8q2FokixLvdxAPyW5Un9JiT0LQ3MB8p+nN23pTSIvh9VS92lCA8KULWg2nViSFL5X1VwKrF0K/dcVVZnpw5h227UywP6ezSHjHdA+Q0eKZFGTEv3IzNXWqq/otx5fl1gKQ==",
"code": 200,
"signature": "aa61f19da0eb5d99f13c145a40a7746b",
"msg": "",
"timestamp": 1648480034,
"salt": 632648
}
// 解密后的响应体：
{
"code": 200,
"data": [{
"id": 1,
"name": "boyka",
"registerTime": "2022-03-27T00:19:43.699",
"userType": "COMMON"
}],
"msg": "用户列表查询成功",
"salt": 0
}OK，客户端请求加密-》发起请求-》服务端解密-》业务处理-》服务端响应加密-》客户端解密展示，看起来没啥问题，实际是头天下午花了2小时碰需求，差不多花1小时写好demo测试，然后对所有接口统一进行了处理，整体一下午赶脚应该行了吧，告诉H5和安卓端同学明儿上午联调（不小的大家到这个时候发现猫腻没有，当时确实疏忽了，翻了大车......）
次日，安卓端反馈，你这个加解密有问题，解密后的数据格式和之前不一样，仔细一看，擦，这个userType和registerTime是不对劲，开始思考：这个能是哪儿的问题呢？1s之后，初步定位，应该是响应体的JSON.toJSONString的问题：
String data = EncryptUtils.aesEncrypt(JSON.toJSONString(o)),
Debug断点调试，果然，是JSON.toJSONString(o)这一步骤转换出了问题，那JSON转换时是不是有高级属性可以配置生成想要的序列化格式呢？FastJson在序列化时提供重载方法，找到其中一个"SerializerFeature"参数可以琢磨一下，这个参数是可以对序列化进行配置的，它提供了很多配置类型，其中感觉这几个比较沾边：
WriteEnumUsingToString, WriteEnumUsingName, UseISO8601DateFormat
对枚举类型来说，默认是使用的WriteEnumUsingName(枚举的Name)， 另一种WriteEnumUsingToString是重新toString方法，理论上可以转换成想要的样子，即这个样子：
@Getter
@JsonFormat(shape = JsonFormat.Shape.OBJECT)
public enum UserType {
VIP("VIP用户"),
COMMON("普通用户");
private String code;
private String type;
UserType(String type) {
this.code = name();
this.type = type;
}
@Override
public String toString(){
return "{" +
""code":"" + name() + '"' +
", "type":"" + type + '"' +
'}';
}
}结果转换出来的数据是字符串类型"{"code":"COMMON", "type":"普通用户"}"，这个方法好像行不通，还有什么好办法呢？思前想后，看文章开始定义的User和UserType类，标记数据序列化格式@JsonFormat，再突然想起之前看到过的一些文章，SpringMVC底层默认是使用Jackson进行序列化的，那好了，就用Jacksong实施呗，将SecretResponseAdvice中的序列化方法替换一下：
String data = EncryptUtils.aesEncrypt(JSON.toJSONString(o), secretKey); 换为： String data =EncryptUtils.aesEncrypt(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(o), secretKey);
重新运行一波，走起：
{
"code": 200,
"data": [{
"id": 1,
"name": "boyka",
"userType": {
"code": "COMMON",
"type": "普通用户"
},
"registerTime": {
"month": "MARCH",
"year": 2022,
"dayOfMonth": 29,
"dayOfWeek": "TUESDAY",
"dayOfYear": 88,
"monthValue": 3,
"hour": 22,
"minute": 30,
"nano": 453000000,
"second": 36,
"chronology": {
"id": "ISO",
"calendarType": "iso8601"
}
}
}],
"msg": "用户列表查询成功"
}解密后的userType枚举类型和非加密版本一样了，舒服了，== 好像还不对，registerTime怎么变成这个样子了？原本是"2022-03-24 23:58:39"这种格式的，网上有很多解决方案，不过用在我们目前这个需求里面，就是有损改装了啊，不太可取，遂去Jackson官网上查找一下相关文档，当然Jackson也提供了ObjectMapper的序列化配置，重新再初始化配置ObjectMpper对象：
String DATE_TIME_FORMATTER = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"; ObjectMapper objectMapper = new Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder() .findModulesViaServiceLoader(true) .serializerByType(LocalDateTime.class, new LocalDateTimeSerializer( DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DATE_TIME_FORMATTER))) .deserializerByType(LocalDateTime.class, new LocalDateTimeDeserializer( DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DATE_TIME_FORMATTER))) .build();
转换结果：
{
"code": 200,
"data": [{
"id": 1,
"name": "boyka",
"userType": {
"code": "COMMON",
"type": "普通用户"
},
"registerTime": "2022-03-29 22:57:33"
}],
"msg": "用户列表查询成功"
}OK，和非加密版的终于一致了，完了吗？感觉还是可能存在些什么问题，首先业务代码的时间序列化需求不一样，有"yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss"的，也有"yyyy-MM-dd"的，还可能其他配置思考不到位的，导致和之前非加密版返回数据不一致的问题，到时候联调测出来了也麻烦，有没有一劳永逸的办法呢？哎，这个时候如果你看过 Spring 源码的话，就应该知道spring框架自身是怎么序列化的，照着配置应该就行嘛，好像有点道理，我这里不从0开始分析源码了。
跟着执行链路，找到具体的响应序列化，重点就是RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor，
protected <T> void writeWithMessageConverters(@Nullable T value, MethodParameter returnType, ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage, ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {
// 获取响应的拦截器链并执行beforeBodyWrite方法，也就是执行了我们自定义的SecretResponseAdvice中的beforeBodyWrite啦
body = this.getAdvice().beforeBodyWrite(body, returnType, selectedMediaType, converter.getClass(), inputMessage, outputMessage);
if (body != null) {
// 执行响应体序列化工作
if (genericConverter != null) {
genericConverter.write(body, (Type)targetType, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
} else {
converter.write(body, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
}
}进而通过实例化的AbstractJackson2HttpMessageConverter对象找到执行序列化的核心方法
-> AbstractGenericHttpMessageConverter:
public final void write(T t, @Nullable Type type, @Nullable MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {
...
this.writeInternal(t, type, outputMessage);
outputMessage.getBody().flush();
}
-> 找到Jackson序列化 AbstractJackson2HttpMessageConverter:
// 从spring容器中获取并设置的ObjectMapper实例
protected ObjectMapper objectMapper;
protected void writeInternal(Object object, @Nullable Type type, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {
MediaType contentType = outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
JsonEncoding encoding = this.getJsonEncoding(contentType);
JsonGenerator generator = this.objectMapper.getFactory().createGenerator(outputMessage.getBody(), encoding);
this.writePrefix(generator, object);
Object value = object;
Class<?> serializationView = null;
FilterProvider filters = null;
JavaType javaType = null;
if (object instanceof MappingJacksonValue) {
MappingJacksonValue container = (MappingJacksonValue)object;
value = container.getValue();
serializationView = container.getSerializationView();
filters = container.getFilters();
}
if (type != null && TypeUtils.isAssignable(type, value.getClass())) {
javaType = this.getJavaType(type, (Class)null);
}
ObjectWriter objectWriter = serializationView != null ? this.objectMapper.writerWithView(serializationView) : this.objectMapper.writer();
if (filters != null) {
objectWriter = objectWriter.with(filters);
}
if (javaType != null && javaType.isContainerType()) {
objectWriter = objectWriter.forType(javaType);
}
SerializationConfig config = objectWriter.getConfig();
if (contentType != null && contentType.isCompatibleWith(MediaType.TEXT_EVENT_STREAM) && config.isEnabled(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT)) {
objectWriter = objectWriter.with(this.ssePrettyPrinter);
}
// 重点进行序列化
objectWriter.writeValue(generator, value);
this.writeSuffix(generator, object);
generator.flush();
}那么，可以看出SpringMVC在进行响应序列化的时候是从容器中获取的ObjectMapper实例对象，并会根据不同的默认配置条件进行序列化，那处理方法就简单了，我也可以从Spring容器拿数据进行序列化啊。SecretResponseAdvice进行如下进一步改造：
@ControllerAdvice
public class SecretResponseAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice {
@Autowired
private ObjectMapper objectMapper;
@Override
public Object beforeBodyWrite(....){
.....
String dataStr =objectMapper.writeValueAsString(o);
String data = EncryptUtils.aesEncrypt(dataStr, secretKey);
.....
}
}经测试，响应数据和非加密版万全一致啦，还有GET部分的请求加密，以及后面加解密惨遭跨域问题，后面有空再和大家聊聊。
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