基于Python怎么实现文件分类器

通过自定义需要整理的文件目录，将该目录下面的全部文件按照文件格式完成分类操作。

实现逻辑使用的python技术栈就是os、glob、shutil三个标准库的综合运用，完成自动化的文件整理。

分别将这三个文件处理模块导入代码块中，进入后续的开发操作。

# It imports the os module.
import os

# Shutil is a module that provides a number of high-level operations on files and collections of files.
import shutil

# The glob module finds all the pathnames matching a specified pattern according to the rules used by the Unix shell,
# although results are returned in arbitrary order. No tilde expansion is done, but *, ?, and character ranges expressed
# with [] will be correctly matched.
import glob
import sys

将需要分类的文件目录uncatched_dir以及分类后文件存放目录target_dir设置为可以手动输入的方式。

# Asking the user to input the path of the directory that contains the files to be sorted.
uncatched_dir = input('请输入待分类的文件路径：\n')

# It checks if the uncatched_dir is empty.
if uncatched_dir.strip() == '':
    print('待分类的文件夹路径不能为空！')
    sys.exit()

# Asking the user to input the path of the directory that contains the files to be sorted.
target_dir = input('请输入分类后文件存放的目标路径：\n')

# It checks if the target_dir is empty.
if target_dir.strip() == '':
    print('分类后的文件存放路径不能为空！')
    sys.exit()

检验输入的分类后文件存放目录路径是否存在，因为很可能是输入一个新的路径，不存在时则新建一个该路径。

# It checks if the target_dir exists. If it does not exist, it creates a new directory in the current working directory.
if not os.path.exists(target_dir):
    # It creates a new directory in the current working directory.
    os.mkdir(target_dir)

定义一个文件移动数量的变量file_move_num，以及一个新建的文件夹数量的变量dir_new_num用于记录文件整理的结果记录。

# A variable that is used to count the number of files that have been moved.
file_move_num = 0

# A variable that is used to count the number of new directories that have been created.
dir_new_num = 0

遍历需要整理的文件夹目录uncatched_dir，对该目录下面的所有类型的文件进行自动整理操作。

# A for loop that iterates through all the files in the uncatched_dir directory.
for file_ in glob.glob(f'{uncatched_dir}/**/*', recursive=True):

    # It checks if the file is a file.
    if os.path.isfile(file_):

        # It gets the file name of the file.
        file_name = os.path.basename(file_)

        # Checking if the file name contains a period.
        if '.' in file_name:

            # Getting the suffix of the file.
            suffix_name = file_name.split('.')[-1]

        else:

            # Used to classify files that do not have a suffix.
            suffix_name = 'others'

        # It checks if the directory exists. If it does not exist, it creates a new directory in the current working
        # directory.
        if not os.path.exists(f'{target_dir}/{suffix_name}'):

            # It creates a new directory in the current working directory.
            os.mkdir(f'{target_dir}/{suffix_name}')

            # Adding 1 to the variable dir_new_num.
            dir_new_num += 1

        # It copies the file to the target directory.
        shutil.copy(file_, f'{target_dir}/{suffix_name}')

        # Adding 1 to the variable file_move_num.
        file_move_num += 1

注意：为了避免移动文件夹而造成的异常，尤其是系统盘，因此这里用的是复制，也就是shutil.copy函数使用。

最后，将文件分类数量、文件夹新建数量使用print函数进行打印即可。

print(f'整理完成，有{file_move_num}个文件分类到了{dir_new_num}个文件夹中！\n')

input('输入任意键关闭窗口...')

为了避免程序执行完成后直接将命令窗口关闭，上面使用了input函数来保持窗口暂停的效果。

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