通过ssh_scan远程验证SSH服务配置和策略的方法

导读	ssh_scan是一个面向 Linux 和 UNIX 服务器的易用的 SSH 服务参数配置和策略的扫描器程序，其思路来自Mozilla OpenSSH安全指南，这个指南为 SSH 服务参数配置提供了一个可靠的安全策略基线的建议，如加密算法（Ciphers），报文认证信息码算法（MAC），密钥交换算法（KexAlgos）和其它。

ssh_scan有如下好处：

• 它的依赖是最小化的，ssh_scan只引入了本地 Ruby 和 BinData 来进行它的工作，没有太多的依赖。
• 它是可移植的，你可以在其它的项目中使用ssh_scan或者将它用在自动化任务上。
• 它是易于使用的，只需要简单的将它指向一个 SSH 服务就可以获得一个该服务所支持的选项和策略状态的 JSON 格式报告。
• 它同时也是易于配置的，你可以创建适合你策略需求的策略。

建议阅读：如何在 Linux 上安装配置 OpenSSH 服务

如何在 Linux 上安装 ssh_scan

有如下三种安装ssh_scan 的方式：

使用 Ruby gem 来安装运行，如下：

----------- 在 Debian/Ubuntu ----------- 
$ sudo apt-get install ruby gem
$ sudo gem install ssh_scan
----------- 在 CentOS/RHEL ----------- 
# yum install ruby rubygem
# gem install ssh_scan

使用docker 容器来运行，如下：

# docker pull mozilla/ssh_scan
# docker run -it mozilla/ssh_scan /app/bin/ssh_scan -t github.com

使用源码安装运行，如下：

# git clone https://github.com/mozilla/ssh_scan.git
# cd ssh_scan
# gpg2 --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
# curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
# rvm install 2.3.1
# rvm use 2.3.1
# gem install bundler
# bundle install
# ./bin/ssh_scan

如何在 Linux 上使用 ssh_scan

使用ssh_scan的语法如下：

$ ssh_scan -t ip地址
$ ssh_scan -t 主机名

举个例子来扫描 192.168.43.198 这台服务器的 SSH 配置和策略，键入：

$ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198

注意你同时也可以像下方展示的给-t选项传入一个[IP地址/地址段/主机名]：

$ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198,200,205
$ ssh_scan -t test.tecmint.lan

输出示例：

I, [2017-05-09T10:36:17.913644 #7145]  INFO -- : You're using the latest version of ssh_scan 0.0.19
[
  {
    "ssh_scan_version": "0.0.19",
    "ip": "192.168.43.198",
    "port": 22,
    "server_banner": "SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.1",
    "ssh_version": 2.0,
    "os": "ubuntu",
    "os_cpe": "o:canonical:ubuntu:16.04",
    "ssh_lib": "openssh",
    "ssh_lib_cpe": "a:openssh:openssh:7.2p2",
    "cookie": "68b17bcca652eeaf153ed18877770a38",
    "key_algorithms": [
      "[email protected]",
      "ecdh-sha2-nistp256",
      "ecdh-sha2-nistp384",
      "ecdh-sha2-nistp521",
      "diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256",
      "diffie-hellman-group14-sha1"
    ],
    "server_host_key_algorithms": [
      "ssh-rsa",
      "rsa-sha2-512",
      "rsa-sha2-256",
      "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256",
      "ssh-ed25519"
    ],
    "encryption_algorithms_client_to_server": [
      "[email protected]",
      "aes128-ctr",
      "aes192-ctr",
      "aes256-ctr",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]"
    ],
    "encryption_algorithms_server_to_client": [
      "[email protected]",
      "aes128-ctr",
      "aes192-ctr",
      "aes256-ctr",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]"
    ],
    "mac_algorithms_client_to_server": [
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "hmac-sha2-256",
      "hmac-sha2-512",
      "hmac-sha1"
    ],
    "mac_algorithms_server_to_client": [
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "hmac-sha2-256",
      "hmac-sha2-512",
      "hmac-sha1"
    ],
    "compression_algorithms_client_to_server": [
      "none",
      "[email protected]"
    ],
    "compression_algorithms_server_to_client": [
      "none",
      "[email protected]"
    ],
    "languages_client_to_server": [
    ],
    "languages_server_to_client": [
    ],
    "hostname": "tecmint",
    "auth_methods": [
      "publickey",
      "password"
    ],
    "fingerprints": {
      "rsa": {
        "known_bad": "false",
        "md5": "0e:d0:d7:11:f0:9b:f8:33:9c:ab:26:77:e5:66:9e:f4",
        "sha1": "fc:8d:d5:a1:bf:52:48:a6:7e:f9:a6:2f:af:ca:e2:f0:3a:9a:b7:fa",
        "sha256": "ff:00:b4:a4:40:05:19:27:7c:33:aa:db:a6:96:32:88:8e:bf:05:a1:81:c0:a4:a8:16:01:01:0b:20:37:81:11"
      }
    },
    "start_time": "2017-05-09 10:36:17 +0300",
    "end_time": "2017-05-09 10:36:18 +0300",
    "scan_duration_seconds": 0.221573169,
    "duplicate_host_key_ips": [
    ],
    "compliance": {
      "policy": "Mozilla Modern",
      "compliant": false,
      "recommendations": [
        "Remove these Key Exchange Algos: diffie-hellman-group14-sha1",
        "Remove these MAC Algos: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], hmac-sha1",
        "Remove these Authentication Methods: password"
      ],
      "references": [
        "https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Guidelines/OpenSSH"
      ]
    }
  }
]

你可以使用-p选项来指定不同的端口，-L选项来开启日志记录配合-V选项来指定日志级别：

$ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198 -p 22222 -L ssh-scan.log -V INFO

另外，可以使用-P或--policy选项来指定一个策略文件（默认是 Mozilla Modern）：

$ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198 -L ssh-scan.log -V INFO -P /path/to/custom/policy/file

ssh_scan 使用帮助与其它示例：

$ ssh_scan -h

输出示例：

ssh_scan v0.0.17 (https://github.com/mozilla/ssh_scan)
Usage: ssh_scan [options]
-t, --target [IP/Range/Hostname] IP/Ranges/Hostname to scan
-f, --file [FilePath]            File Path of the file containing IP/Range/Hostnames to scan
-T, --timeout [seconds]          Timeout per connect after which ssh_scan gives up on the host
-L, --logger [Log File Path]     Enable logger
-O, --from_json [FilePath]       File to read JSON output from
-o, --output [FilePath]          File to write JSON output to
-p, --port [PORT]                Port (Default: 22)
-P, --policy [FILE]              Custom policy file (Default: Mozilla Modern)
--threads [NUMBER]           Number of worker threads (Default: 5)
--fingerprint-db [FILE]      File location of fingerprint database (Default: ./fingerprints.db)
--suppress-update-status     Do not check for updates
-u, --unit-test [FILE]           Throw appropriate exit codes based on compliance status
-V [STD_LOGGING_LEVEL],
--verbosity
-v, --version                    Display just version info
-h, --help                       Show this message
Examples:
ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1
ssh_scan -t server.example.com
ssh_scan -t ::1
ssh_scan -t ::1 -T 5
ssh_scan -f hosts.txt
ssh_scan -o output.json
ssh_scan -O output.json -o rescan_output.json
ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 -p 22222
ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 -p 22222 -L output.log -V INFO
ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 -P custom_policy.yml
ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 --unit-test -P custom_policy.yml

SSH 服务器相关参考阅读：

1. 使用 SSH Keygen（ssh-keygen）五步实现 SSH 免密登录
2. 安全 SSH 服务器的 5 个最佳实践
3. 使用 Chroot 来限制 SSH 用户进入某些目录
4. 如何配置 SSH 连接来简化远程登录

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