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本文档使用 PHP中文网手册 发布
文字
大多数Dockerfiles从父映像开始。如果您需要完全控制图像的内容，则可能需要创建基本图像。以下是区别：
一个父映像是你的形象是基于图像。它
FROM指向Dockerfile中指令的内容。Dockerfile中的每个后续声明都会修改此父图像。大多数Dockerfiles从父映像开始，而不是基本映像。但是，这些术语有时可以互换使用。
一个基本图像要么不具有
FROM线在其Dockerfile，或具有FROM scratch。
本主题向您展示了创建基础图像的几种方法。具体的过程将在很大程度上取决于你想打包的 Linux发行版。我们在下面有一些例子，并鼓励您提交拉取请求以提供新的请求。
使用tar创建一个完整的图像
一般来说，您需要从一台运行您希望打包为父映像的发行版的工作机器开始，不过对于像 Debian 的 Debootstrap 这样的工具来说，这并不是必需的，您也可以使用它来构建 Ubuntu 映像。
它可以像创建 Ubuntu 父图像一样简单：
$ sudo debootstrap xenial xenial > /dev/null$ sudo tar -C xenial -c . | docker import - xenial a29c15f1bf7a $ docker run xenial cat /etc/lsb-release DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=16.04DISTRIB_CODENAME=xenial DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 16.04 LTS"
在 Docker GitHub Repo 中有更多用于创建父图像的示例脚本：
BusyBox
在Debian / Ubuntu 或 CentOS / RHEL / SLC /等上的 CentOS / Scientific Linux CERN（SLC）。
Debian/Ubuntu
使用scratch创建一个简单的父图像
您可以使用 Docker 的保留最小图像scratch作为构建容器的起点。使用scratch“图像”信号构建过程，您希望其中的下一个命令Dockerfile成为图像中的第一个文件系统层。
当scratch出现在集线器上的 Docker 存储库中时，您无法将其拉出，运行或标记具有该名称的任何图像scratch。相反，你可以参考你的Dockerfile。例如，要使用scratch以下命令创建最小容器：
FROM scratch ADD hello /CMD ["/hello"]
假设您从Docker GitHub示例C源代码构建了“hello”可执行示例，并且使用该-static标记编译了该示例，则可以使用以下命令构建此 Docker 映像：docker build --tag hello .
注意：由于 Docker for Mac 和 Docker for Windows 使用 Linux VM，因此必须使用 Linux 工具链编译此代码，以最终形成 Linux 二进制文件。不用担心，您可以快速下载 Linux 映像和构建环境并在其中构建：
$ docker run --rm -it -v $PWD:/build ubuntu:16.04container# apt-get update && apt-get install build-essential container# cd /build container# gcc -o hello -static -nostartfiles hello.c
然后，您可以使用以下命令运行它（在 Linux，Mac 或 Windows 上）： docker run --rm hello
本示例将创建教程中使用的 hello-world 图像。如果你想测试它，你可以克隆图像回购。
更多资源
有更多的资源可以帮助你写你的Dockerfile。
Dockerfile有关参考部分中可用于a的所有说明的完整指南。
为了帮助您编写清晰，可读，可维护的文档
Dockerfile，我们还编写了Dockerfile最佳实践指南。
如果您的目标是创建一个新的官方存储库，请务必阅读Docker的官方存储库。