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本教程将向您介绍Docker Engine Swarm模式的功能。在开始之前,您可能想熟悉一下关键概念。

本教程将指导您完成以下活动:

  • 以群集模式初始化Docker引擎群集

  • 向群中添加节点

  • 将应用服务部署到群中

  • 一旦你运行了全部,管理群

本教程使用在终端窗口的命令行中输入的Docker Engine CLI命令。您应该能够在网络机器上安装Docker,并且能够在您选择的外壳中运行命令。

如果您是Docker的全新用户,请参阅关于Docker Engine。

设置

要运行本教程,您需要以下内容:

  • 安装了Docker的三台Linux主机,它们可以通过网络进行通信

  • Docker引擎1.12或更高版本安装

  • 管理器机器的IP地址

  • 打开主机之间的端口

三台联网主机

本教程需要三台安装了Docker并可通过网络进行通信的Linux主机。这些可以是物理机器,虚拟机,Amazon EC2实例或以其他方式托管。您甚至可以使用Linux,Mac或Windows主机上的Docker Machine。检查入门 -  Swarms为主机设置一个可能的设置。

其中一台机器将成为经理(称为manager1),其中两人将成为工人(worker1worker2)。

注意:您也可以按照许多教程步骤来测试单节点群,在这种情况下,您只需要一台主机。多节点命令不起作用,但您可以初始化群集,创建服务并对其进行扩展。

Docker引擎1.12或更新版本

本教程需要在每台主机上安装Docker Engine 1.12或更高版本。安装Docker Engine并验证Docker Engine守护进程正在每台机器上运行。您可以按照以下方式获取最新版本的Docker Engine:

  • 在Linux机器上安装Docker引擎

  • Mac使用Docker或Windows使用Docker

在Linux机器上安装Docker引擎

如果您使用基于Linux的物理计算机或云提供的计算机作为主机,只需按照适用于您的平台的Linux安装说明进行操作即可。旋转三台机器,你就准备好了。您可以在Linux机器上测试单节点和多节点swarm场景。

Mac使用Docker或Windows使用Docker

或者,在一台计算机上安装最新的Docker for Mac或Docker for Windows应用程序。您可以从这台计算机上测试单节点和多节点群集,但是您需要使用Docker Machine来测试多节点场景。

  • 您可以使用Docker for Mac或Windows来测试群集模式的单节点功能,包括使用单节点初始化群集,创建服务以及扩展服务。Hyperkit(Mac)或Hyper-V(Windows)上的Docker“Moby”将作为单个群集节点。

  • 目前,您无法单独使用Docker for Mac或Windows来测试多节点群。但是,您可以使用随附的Docker Machine版本创建swarm节点(请参阅Docker Machine入门和本地VM),然后按照教程了解所有多节点功能。对于这种情况,您从一个码头工人的Mac或码头的Windows主机的命令,但码头工人主机本身参与群(即,它不会manager1worker1worker2在我们的例子)。创建节点后,可以运行Mac终端或Windows PowerShell中显示的所有swarm命令,其中Docker for Mac或Docker for Windows正在运行。

管理机的IP地址

IP地址必须分配给主机操作系统可用的网络接口。群中的所有节点必须能够通过IP地址访问管理器。

由于其他节点通过其IP地址联系管理器节点,因此应使用固定的IP地址。

您可以ifconfig在Linux或macOS上运行以查看可用网络接口的列表。

如果您使用的是Docker Machine,则可以使用docker-machine ls或者docker-machine ip <MACHINE-NAME>- 例如,来获取管理器IP docker-machine ip manager1

本教程使用manager1192.168.99.100

在主机之间打开协议和端口

以下端口必须可用。在某些系统上,这些端口默认打开。

  • TCP端口2377用于集群管理通信

  • tcpUDP端口7946用于节点间的通信

  • UDP端口4789用于覆盖网络流量

如果您计划使用encryption(--opt encrypted)创建覆盖网络,则还需要确保允许ip协议50ESP)通信。

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