基于TCP协议的Socket通信(1) 分类 Android 基础入门教程
本节引言:
上一节的概念课枯燥无味是吧,不过总有点收获是吧,本节开始我们来研究基于TCP协议的Socket 通信,先来了解下Socket的概念,以及Socket通信的模型,实现Socket的步骤,以及作为Socket服务 端与客户端的两位各做要做什么事情!好的,我们由浅入深来扣这个Socket吧!
什么是Socket?
2.Socket通信模型:
Socket通信实现步骤解析:
Step 1:创建ServerSocket和Socket
Step 2:打开连接到的Socket的输入/输出流
Step 3:按照协议对Socket进行读/写操作
Step 4:关闭输入输出流,以及Socket
好的,我们接下来写一个简单的例子,开启服务端后,客户端点击按钮然后链接服务端, 并向服务端发送一串字符串,表示通过Socket链接上服务器~
3.Socket服务端的编写:
服务端要做的事有这些:
Step 1:创建ServerSocket对象,绑定监听的端口
Step 2:调用accept()方法监听客户端的请求
Step 3:连接建立后,通过输入流读取客户端发送的请求信息
Step 4:通过输出流向客户端发送响应信息
Step 5:关闭相关资源
代码实现:
直接在Eclipse下创建一个Java项目,然后把Java代码贴进去即可!
public class SocketServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { //1.创建一个服务器端Socket,即ServerSocket,指定绑定的端口,并监听此端口 ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12345); InetAddress address = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); String ip = address.getHostAddress(); Socket socket = null; //2.调用accept()等待客户端连接 System.out.println("~~~服务端已就绪,等待客户端接入~,服务端ip地址: " + ip); socket = serverSocket.accept(); //3.连接后获取输入流,读取客户端信息 InputStream is=null; InputStreamReader isr=null; BufferedReader br=null; OutputStream os=null; PrintWriter pw=null; is = socket.getInputStream(); //获取输入流 isr = new InputStreamReader(is,"UTF-8"); br = new BufferedReader(isr); String info = null; while((info=br.readLine())!=null){//循环读取客户端的信息 System.out.println("客户端发送过来的信息" + info); } socket.shutdownInput();//关闭输入流 socket.close(); } }
然后我们把代码run起来,控制台会打印:
好的,接下来到Android客户端了!
4.Socket客户端的编写:
客户端要做的事有这些:
Step 1:创建Socket对象,指明需要链接的服务器的地址和端号
Step 2:链接建立后,通过输出流向服务器发送请求信息
Step 3:通过输出流获取服务器响应的信息
Step 4:关闭相关资源
代码实现:
MainActivity.java:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); Button btn_accept = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_accept); btn_accept.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { new Thread() { @Override public void run() { try { acceptServer(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }.start(); } private void acceptServer() throws IOException { //1.创建客户端Socket,指定服务器地址和端口 Socket socket = new Socket("172.16.2.54", 12345); //2.获取输出流,向服务器端发送信息 OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();//字节输出流 PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(os);//将输出流包装为打印流 //获取客户端的IP地址 InetAddress address = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); String ip = address.getHostAddress(); pw.write("客户端:~" + ip + "~ 接入服务器!!"); pw.flush(); socket.shutdownOutput();//关闭输出流 socket.close(); } }
因为Android不允许在主线程(UI线程)中做网络操作,所以这里需要我们自己 另开一个线程来连接Socket!
运行结果:
点击按钮后,服务端控制台打印:
5.增强版案例:小猪简易聊天室
只是点击个按钮,然后服务器返回一串信息,肯定是很无趣的是吧,接下来我们来 搭建一个超简单的聊天室,我们需要用到线程池,存储Socket链接的集合,我们还需要 字节写一个线程,具体的我们在代码中来体会!
实现的效果图:
先把我们的服务端跑起来:
接着把我们的程序分别跑到两台模拟器上:
接下来我们来写代码:
首先是服务端,就是将读写socket的操作放到自定义线程当中,创建ServerSocket后,循环 调用accept方法,当有新客户端接入,将socket加入集合当中,同时在线程池新建一个线程!
另外,在读取信息的方法中,对输入字符串进行判断,如果为bye字符串,将socket从集合中 移除,然后close掉!
Server.java:
public class Server { //定义相关的参数,端口,存储Socket连接的集合,ServerSocket对象 //以及线程池 private static final int PORT = 12345; private List mList = new ArrayList(); private ServerSocket server = null; private ExecutorService myExecutorService = null; public static void main(String[] args) { new Server(); } public Server() { try { server = new ServerSocket(PORT); //创建线程池 myExecutorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); System.out.println("服务端运行中...\n"); Socket client = null; while(true) { client = server.accept(); mList.add(client); myExecutorService.execute(new Service(client)); } }catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();} } class Service implements Runnable { private Socket socket; private BufferedReader in = null; private String msg = ""; public Service(Socket socket) { this.socket = socket; try { in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); msg = "用户:" +this.socket.getInetAddress() + "~加入了聊天室" +"当前在线人数:" +mList.size(); this.sendmsg(); }catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace();} } @Override public void run() { try{ while(true) { if((msg = in.readLine()) != null) { if(msg.equals("bye")) { System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~"); mList.remove(socket); in.close(); msg = "用户:" + socket.getInetAddress() + "退出:" +"当前在线人数:"+mList.size(); socket.close(); this.sendmsg(); break; }else{ msg = socket.getInetAddress() + " 说: " + msg; this.sendmsg(); } } } }catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();} } //为连接上服务端的每个客户端发送信息 public void sendmsg() { System.out.println(msg); int num = mList.size(); for(int index = 0;index < num;index++) { Socket mSocket = mList.get(index); PrintWriter pout = null; try { pout = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter( new OutputStreamWriter(mSocket.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8")),true); pout.println(msg); }catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} } } } }
接着到客户端,客户端的难点在于要另外开辟线程的问题,因为Android不允许直接在 主线程中做网络操作,而且不允许在主线程外的线程操作UI,这里的做法是自己新建 一个线程,以及通过Hanlder来更新UI,实际开发不建议直接这样做!!!
布局文件:activity_main.xml:
MainActivity.java:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements Runnable { //定义相关变量,完成初始化 private TextView txtshow; private EditText editsend; private Button btnsend; private static final String HOST = "172.16.2.54"; private static final int PORT = 12345; private Socket socket = null; private BufferedReader in = null; private PrintWriter out = null; private String content = ""; private StringBuilder sb = null; //定义一个handler对象,用来刷新界面 public Handler handler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.what == 0x123) { sb.append(content); txtshow.setText(sb.toString()); } } ; }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); sb = new StringBuilder(); txtshow = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txtshow); editsend = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editsend); btnsend = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnsend); //当程序一开始运行的时候就实例化Socket对象,与服务端进行连接,获取输入输出流 //因为4.0以后不能再主线程中进行网络操作,所以需要另外开辟一个线程 new Thread() { public void run() { try { socket = new Socket(HOST, PORT); in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), "UTF-8")); out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter( socket.getOutputStream())), true); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }.start(); //为发送按钮设置点击事件 btnsend.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { String msg = editsend.getText().toString(); if (socket.isConnected()) { if (!socket.isOutputShutdown()) { out.println(msg); } } } }); new Thread(MainActivity.this).start(); } //重写run方法,在该方法中输入流的读取 @Override public void run() { try { while (true) { if (socket.isConnected()) { if (!socket.isInputShutdown()) { if ((content = in.readLine()) != null) { content += "\n"; handler.sendEmptyMessage(0x123); } } } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
本节小结:
好的,本节给大家讲解了基于TCP的Socket通信,文中介绍了Socket通信的模型,实现了 一个简单的Socket通信例子,以及写了一个增强版的实例:小猪聊天室,相信会对刚涉及 Socket编程的你带来便利~,谢谢~