perl + fastcgi + nginx搭建
nginx + fastcgi是php下最流行的一套环境了,那perl会不会也有fastcgi呢,当然有,今天来搭建下nginx下perl的fastcgi.性能方面也不亚于php,但是现在web程序php的流行程度perl无法比拟了,性能再好也枉然,但是部分小功能可以考虑使用perl的fastcgi来搞定.进入正题.
1. 准备软件环境:
nginx
perl:系统自带
fastcgi
1.2 perl安装
一般linux都有自带perl,可以不用安装,如果确实没有,请执行:
# yum install perl
1.3 perl-fastcgi安装
# cd /usr/local/src # wget http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/fcgi/fcgi-0.74.tar.gz # tar -xzvf fcgi-0.74.tar.gz # cd fcgi-0.74 # perl makefile.pl # make # make install
2. nginx虚拟主机配置
server { listen 80; server_name test.jb51.net; #access_log /data/logs/nginx/test.jb51.net.access.log main; index index.html index.php index.html; root /data/site/test.jb51.net; location / { } location ~ \.pl$ { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8999; #fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/jb51.net.perl.sock; fastcgi_index index.pl; } }
如果想把tcp/ip方式改为socket方式,可以修改fastcgi-wrapper.pl.
$socket = fcgi::opensocket( "127.0.0.1:8999", 10 ); #use ip sockets
改为
$socket = fcgi::opensocket( "/var/run/jb51.net.perl.sock", 10 ); #use ip sockets
3. 配置脚本
3.1 fastcgi监听脚本
文件路径:/usr/bin/fastcgi-wrapper.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl use fcgi; use socket; use posix qw(setsid); require 'syscall.ph'; &daemonize; #this keeps the program alive or something after exec'ing perl scripts end() { } begin() { } *core::global::exit = sub { die "fakeexit\nrc=".shift()."\n"; }; eval q{exit}; if ($@) { exit unless $@ =~ /^fakeexit/; }; &main; sub daemonize() { chdir '/' or die "can't chdir to /: $!"; defined(my $pid = fork) or die "can't fork: $!"; exit if $pid; setsid or die "can't start a new session: $!"; umask 0; } sub main { $socket = fcgi::opensocket( "127.0.0.1:8999", 10 ); #use ip sockets $request = fcgi::request( \*stdin, \*stdout, \*stderr, \%req_params, $socket ); if ($request) { request_loop()}; fcgi::closesocket( $socket ); } sub request_loop { while( $request->accept() >= 0 ) { #processing any stdin input from webserver (for cgi-post actions) $stdin_passthrough =''; $req_len = 0 + $req_params{'content_length'}; if (($req_params{'request_method'} eq 'post') && ($req_len != 0) ){ my $bytes_read = 0; while ($bytes_read < $req_len) { my $data = ''; my $bytes = read(stdin, $data, ($req_len - $bytes_read)); last if ($bytes == 0 || !defined($bytes)); $stdin_passthrough .= $data; $bytes_read += $bytes; } } #running the cgi app if ( (-x $req_params{script_filename}) && #can i execute this? (-s $req_params{script_filename}) && #is this file empty? (-r $req_params{script_filename}) #can i read this file? ){ pipe(child_rd, parent_wr); my $pid = open(kid_to_read, "-|"); unless(defined($pid)) { print("content-type: text/plain\r\n\r\n"); print "error: cgi app returned no output - "; print "executing $req_params{script_filename} failed !\n"; next; } if ($pid > 0) { close(child_rd); print parent_wr $stdin_passthrough; close(parent_wr); while(my $s =) { print $s; } close kid_to_read; waitpid($pid, 0); } else { foreach $key ( keys %req_params){ $env{$key} = $req_params{$key}; } # cd to the script's local directory if ($req_params{script_filename} =~ /^(.*)\/[^\/]+$/) { chdir $1; } close(parent_wr); close(stdin); #fcntl(child_rd, f_dupfd, 0); syscall(&sys_dup2, fileno(child_rd), 0); #open(stdin, "<&child_rd"); exec($req_params{script_filename}); die("exec failed"); } } else { print("content-type: text/plain\r\n\r\n"); print "error: no such cgi app - $req_params{script_filename} may not "; print "exist or is not executable by this process.\n"; } } }
3.2 fastcgi自启动服务脚本:
文件路径:/etc/rc.d/init.d/perl-fastcgi
文件路径:/etc/rc.d/init.d/perl-fastcgi
#!/bin/sh # # nginx – this script starts and stops the nginx daemon # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: nginx is an http(s) server, http(s) reverse \ # proxy and imap/pop3 proxy server # processname: nginx # config: /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf # pidfile: /opt/nginx/logs/nginx.pid # source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network # check that networking is up. [ "$networking" = "no" ] && exit 0 perlfastcgi="/usr/bin/fastcgi-wrapper.pl" prog=$(basename perl) lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/perl-fastcgi start() { [ -x $perlfastcgi ] || exit 5 echo -n $"starting $prog: " daemon $perlfastcgi retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile return $retval } stop() { echo -n $"stopping $prog: " killproc $prog -quit retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile return $retval } restart() { stop start } reload() { echo -n $”reloading $prog: ” killproc $nginx -hup retval=$? echo } force_reload() { restart } rh_status() { status $prog } rh_status_q() { rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1 } case "$1" in start) rh_status_q && exit 0 $1 ;; stop) rh_status_q || exit 0 $1 ;; restart) $1 ;; reload) rh_status_q || exit 7 $1 ;; force-reload) force_reload ;; status) rh_status ;; condrestart|try-restart) rh_status_q || exit 0 ;; *) echo $"usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}" exit 2 esac
3.3 设置脚本权限
# chmod a+x /usr/bin/fastcgi-wrapper.pl # chmod a+x /etc/rc.d/init.d/perl-fastcgi
4. fastcgi测试
4.1 启动nginx与fastcgi
# /usr/local/nginx-1.4.2/sbin/nginx # /etc/init.d/perl-fastcgi start
4.2 perl测试文件:
文件路径/data/site/test.jb51.net/test.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl print "content-type:text/html\n\n"; print <<endofhtml; <html><head><title>perl environment variables</title></head> <body> <h1>perl environment variables</h1> endofhtml foreach $key (sort(keys %env)) { print "$key = $env{$key}<br>\n"; } print "</body></html>";
5. 访问测试
5.1 访问
http://http:test.jb51.net/test.pl,出现内容表示ok.
6. 简单压力测试:
6.1 使用tcp/ip方式
ab -n 1000 -c 10 http://test.jb51.net/test.pl
他是在是太慢了,只好用10个并发,共计100个请求来测试.
6.2 使用socket方式:
ab -n 100000 -c 500 http://test.jb51.net/test.pl
很奇怪,使用tcp/ip方式,每秒就140多个请求,而使用socket方式却有5800个请求/秒。差距不是一般的大。顺便测试了一下php的fastcgi,大概请求在3000(tcp/ip方式),4800(socket方式)。
perl模块的使用
如果对于一个绝大部分内容是静态的网站,只有极少数的地方需要动态显示,碰巧你又了解一点perl知识,那么nginx + perl的结合就能很好解决问题。要想nginx支持perl脚本,在编译nginx时候需要如下参数:
./configure --with-http_perl_module
如果make时候出现如下类似错误:
can't locate extutils/embed.pm in @inc (@inc contains: /usr/lib/perl5/5.10.0/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/5.10.0 /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.10.0/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.10.0 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.10.0/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.10.0 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl .)
你的机器上可能需要安装perl-devel perl-extutils-embed,对于centos系统,直接使用yum搞定,例如:
yum -y install perl-devel perl-extutils-embed
nginx中使用perl有两种方法,一种是直接在配置文件写,还有一种是把perl脚本写在外部文件中,下面主要介绍一下第二种用法。
假设nginx的根目录为/usr/local/nginx,perl脚本存放的目录为nginx的根目录下的perl/lib下,脚本名字为test.pm,nginx配置为:
#位于http配置中 perl_modules perl/lib; perl_require test.pm; #位于server配置中 location /user/ { perl pkg_name::process; }
上述配置是把所有来自http://servername/user/下的请求交由test.pm脚本中定义的process方法来处理。
test.pm脚本的内容如下:
package pkg_name; use time::local; use nginx; sub process { my $r = shift; $r->send_http_header('text/html; charset=utf-8'); my @arr = split('/', $r->uri); my $username = @arr[2]; if (!$username || ($username eq "")) { $username = "anonymous"; } $r->print('hello, you name is : <strong>' . $username . '</strong>'); $r->rflush(); return; } 1; __end__
当你访问http://servername/user/netingcn,你应该可以在网页上看到:
hello, you name is : netingcn
另外:当使用 use nginx 时,会有如下的对象可以调用,可以看到上面 shift 一个对象到 $r 上,然后就可以用 $r 调用那些对象了:
$r->args – 请求的参数 .
$r->discard_request_body – 这个参数是让 nginx 放弃 request 的 body 的内容.
$r->filename – 返回合适的请求文件的名字
$r->has_request_body(function) – 如果没有请求主体,返回0,但是如果请求主体存在,那么建立传递的函数并返回1,在程序的最后,nginx将调用指定的处理器.
$r->header_in(header) – 查找请求头的信息
$r->header_only – 如果我们只要返回一个响应的头
$r->header_out(header, value) – 设置响应的头
$r->internal_redirect(uri) – 使内部重定向到指定的uri,重定向仅在完成perl脚本后发生.可以使用 header_out(location….的方法来让浏览器自己重定向
$r->print(args, …) – 发送数据给客户端
$r->request_body – 得到客户端提交过来的内容 (body 的参数,可能需要修改 nginx 的 client_body_buffer_size. )
$r->request_body_file —给客户的 body 存成文件,并返回文件名
$r->request_method — 得到请求 http method.
$r->remote_addr – 得到客户端的 ip 地址.
$r->rflush - 클라이언트에 즉시 데이터 전송
$r->sendfile(file [, Displacement [, length ] ) - 지정된 파일의 내용을 클라이언트에 전송, 선택적 매개변수 데이터의 오프셋과 길이만 전송됨을 나타냅니다. 이는 소위 고급 기능인
$r->send_http_header(type)입니다. 응답 http 헤더 정보
$r->sleep(milliseconds, handler) – 지정된 처리 방법을 사용하고 지정된 시간에 처리를 중지하도록 요청을 설정합니다. 이 기간 동안 nginx는 이후의 다른 요청을 계속 처리합니다. , nginx는 설치된 처리 방법을 실행합니다. 처리 방법에 대한 참조를 전달하려면 $r->variable()을 사용할 수 있습니다.
$r- >status(code) – http 응답 코드 설정
$r->unescape(text) – http 메소드를 사용하여 %xx
$r->uri와 같은 콘텐츠를 암호화합니다. – 요청된 URL을 가져옵니다.
$r ->variable(name[, value]) – 변수의 값을 설정합니다
위 내용은 Linux에서 Nginx를 Perl 프로그램 서버 및 해당 Perl 모듈로 사용하는 방법의 상세 내용입니다. 자세한 내용은 PHP 중국어 웹사이트의 기타 관련 기사를 참조하세요!